nfants and young children - vulnerable to break an object
The main mode of transmission of hepatitis B from mother to child transmission, the mother has hepatitis B, after the birth of their children a great chance Huanyi Gan, China's hepatitis B more than 50% of patients were infected in this way. In addition, blood transfusion, medical devices (acupuncture, injections, denture, etc.) may also be one route of transmission. The main victims of hepatitis B infection in infants and children, vulnerable infants and young children's immune defenses are susceptible to chronic hepatitis B, and the main reason. Hepatitis B virus infection in the younger, the more likely to become chronic hepatitis B, the more difficult to treat. In the bus, hotels, restaurants, hospitals and other places, hepatitis B virus prevalence of hepatitis B infection in quite a few, but because of the adult immune system better, it becomes the hepatitis B or hepatitis B virus carriers in the patient's chances of infants and young children compared to said that much smaller. This is why very few spouses of hepatitis B patients infected with hepatitis B virus, and their children are often the main reason for contracting hepatitis B; is about 70% of China's people are infected with hepatitis B, which eventually became the number of hepatitis B patients or carriers, only about 10% of causes. Every normal person would take only a few dozen dollars, marked with three hepatitis B vaccine, hepatitis B surface antibody produced, they can rest assured that with the hepatitis B "mix."
Hepatitis B patients and their families not to be too close to
Dental sterilization can transmit hepatitis B lax
Marriage, fertility, sex, trouble go hand in hand
1, hepatitis B patients can marry and have children?
The vast majority of hepatitis B patients can be married childbearing. The number of hepatitis B virus infection in
2. Hepatitis B patients can do to a newborn breast-feeding?
The detection of hepatitis B mothers
Milk contains hepatitis B virus, it may be that the milk also can be transmitted hepatitis. If the newborn after birth there is no injection of hepatitis B vaccine, breast milk is likely to become infected newborns ways, this time is best not to breast-feeding; However, the newborn after birth, immediately provide free hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B
Immunoglobulin preventive vaccination, newborn can build a more solid line of defense, acceptance of breastfeeding had no cause illness.
3. Hepatitis B patients are sexually active do?
Sex life is an important part of married life, hepatitis B patients if indiscriminate white on abstinence, it is wrong. But, after all, ailing husband and wife sex life should be controlled, both parties should understand and comply with. Acute hepatitis B, acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B, chronic active hepatitis, active cirrhosis, should be temporary to avoid intercourse. So when the indulgent sexual life, can cause liver disease recurrence or increased. Hepatitis B virus carriers, mild chronic hepatitis B, cirrhosis of the liver in patients with quiescent period can be intercourse, but should be controlled frequency. During periods of volatility in the liver function, serum aminotransferase, bilirubin increased, should stop married life. Hepatitis B patients with sexual life to master the principle of proportionality, the day after its principles in order to bed with no sense of fatigue as a standard. Such as the Housing tired after the second day, lumbar acid, fatigue, loss of appetite, that is indicative of excessive life should be consciously corrected to extend the suspension of spacing or sex life. For the spouses of patients with hepatitis B, protective measures must be put in place must be the spouse of patients with hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B for hepatitis B immune globulin in a double immunization, so as to be sure. Generally speaking, if there is no spouse to carry out such protective measures, you must use condoms and other protective equipment before they can be
Sex life. Because hepatitis B in patients with semen, blood or vaginal secretions may contain hepatitis B virus can be transmitted through sexual activity with each other, infection rates reach 10% -15%.
To protect your loved family members of patients with hepatitis B are at high risk of hepatitis B infection, if the family members found in a hepatitis B patients, it should be their immediate family members, blood relatives who review them. Review the project must be fully quasi -
Indeed, including the hepatitis B virus, five indicators (two pairs of semi-) and liver function series. This is mainly taking into account the elements of hepatitis B family poly groups, to identify a hepatitis B patients may be led to the discovery several hepatitis B patients. For find out who will go to regular hospital into - further diagnosis and counseling; there is no problem for the examination who all played with hepatitis B vaccine for prevention. If a family simultaneously detect two or more members (such as brothers, sisters, father and son, mother and child, etc.) hepatitis B surface antigen positive, hepatitis B can be highly suspicious of the family orientation. Acute phase of infectious hepatitis B patients must pay more attention, it should be a separate life of appliances. The lives of patients with hepatitis B appliances should be regularly disinfected, disinfection methods are: boiling water for 10 minutes or more, can inactivate hepatitis B virus, loss of contagious; 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution soak 5 minutes, can inactivate hepatitis B virus DNA; peracetic acid, peroxide elimination of ethane on the role of hepatitis B virus is also a precise, fast and efficient. Household disinfectants have finished the current health of the element, excellent safety net, 84 net and so on hepatitis decontamination.
2010年3月21日星期日
Hepatitis B patients and their families not to be too close to
2010年3月18日星期四
Cause of hepatitis B
A hepatitis B patients, 24-year-old, male. The main reason smell any smell (good smell, and unpleasant) on nausea than normal. Detect hepatitis B HBeAg (HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HB (both positive). At that time liver function to normal, about 2 years. Now appetite, mental and so normal, smell the smell is still sick. November 15 last year, check liver function and be able to AST , 43u slightly higher than normal. from the beginning has yet to detect hepatitis B treatment. I ask you:
Analysis of hepatitis B causes
Beware of hepatitis B and flu symptoms be confused with
1, it needs to do B-inspection?
2, can get married?
3, for the woman on how to prevent it? For infants how to prevention (including vaccination)?
4, if the woman is also a hepatitis B patients, whether pregnant?
5, so far the treatment of hepatitis B HBeAg what drug is best? How long? Which parameters were considered effective or cured?
Hope that the answers given by the experts, in which the responsible person and the old and the experts say: Thank you!
A: In China, surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive people, accounting for about 10% of the country's population, or about 120 million people in HBsAg-positive need for active treatment, the patient should be depending on the specific circumstances.
HBsAg-positive description of human infected with hepatitis B virus, but will it cause liver cell injury, it depends on two basic factors, one infected with the virus the size of the number and virulence; second is the body's immune status, that is when the body-free dysfunction or hepatitis B virus in a state of tolerance, this time the body and hepatitis B virus antigen-antibody reaction does not occur, the patient can be expressed without any signs of clinical symptoms, liver function is normal performance, the patient's infectious ability is not strong , that is what we usually refer asymptomatic hepatitis B virus carriers, more common in patients with vertical transmission. Can be mainly in the treatment of liver protection, and regular clinical observation.
More hepatitis B virus infection, because the body has a certain degree of immune function, virus and the immune system, antigen-antibody reaction occurs, subject to a certain degree of liver cell damage, light are only the clinical symptoms, such as the liver discomfort, fatigue, weakness , anorexia, serious cases are repeatedly elevated alanine enzymes, there are E antigen-positive patients, as the virus replication more serious, you can easily transmit the disease to others, even though patients with normal liver function, the patient was "Xiaosan Yang" patients without obvious symptoms. However, liver biopsy, if done, will be found in the liver cell degeneration, edema, bubble, balloon-like lesions and other changes in chronic hepatitis was the performance of such patients should be actively treated to prevent recurrent disease, leading to liver fiber of.
Current drug treatment of hepatitis B patients, no more than solve two problems, first is to enhance immune function and enhance the body's immunity system, so that the opportunity to hepatitis B virus excreted; the second is to strengthen the repair and regeneration of liver cells to avoid the tendency to fibrosis . Now widely used in clinical biological agents are designed to enhance the body's immune function, and many traditional Chinese medicines can be in protecting the liver cells, while increasing the body's immune system.
How do I suffered from hepatitis B?
Hepatitis B Jue Yin of disease, including junior, primary three, small second, abnormal liver function, bilirubin abnormalities, pre-S mutation, pre-C mutation.
1, Jue Yin understanding of
Jue Yin Yin Yang clutch is the key, want to rule out hepatitis B first Jue Yin, Jue-yin and yin is the best, the sick, and this person is bound to yin and yang, jumbled, Jue Yin in the hexagrams of tremor, a yin-yang Habitat II under the disease is Yang Pan-last, Yin Fu in the next, and the heat of the Lower Cambrian of the cards for men, and it is reflected in the pulse, the natural correlation between the thermal pulse string floating, of the Lower Cambrian bound feet, Shen weak pulse. Jue Yin disease has never been understood, because of the five elements of the theoretical model of this place there are problems in the wood, the liver is the germinal point of the whole body system is the so-called body Tai Chi system, singular point, this singularity is reflected in the liver on the right angry at the the left, the liver contains two arterial venous whole, in the singular point, can not use the five elements theory, but only with yin and yang, the reason is very simple to generate its own interpretation of things is not their own, Jue Yin and Yang Yin disease is easily separated, thus lead to cold and heat jumbled, the heat under the cold, the heat is different from the Lower Cambrian lattice Shao Yin Sheng Yang, the former is separated downturn, which is the strength of the balance of forces is different from the former was more serious, the heat of the Lower Cambrian is also different from Shaoyang The Yu heat, yin yang disease patients essentially different.
How do I suffered from hepatitis B?
Hepatitis B infection in adults is not easy
2. Causes
Strength weakness, hepatitis B virus from the blood directly into the Jue Yin, maternal genetic, evil Chih-yang of the body to take advantage of children milk imported from the placenta.
3. Symptoms Analysis - "separation of yin and yang, then the reversal of yin and yang, like men, female breast, Adam's apple is not prominent, and statements do not manly, I was a kid to see a male patient to see a man on the pro-face, talk effeminate, showing that of yin and yang of the out of order , as well as 70% of patients with severe acne because of the heat actions, with Sini Tang Yang can relieve back, but does not address the nature of the separation of yin and yang, so do not take effect. Spider angioma is a result of the heat, mostly in upper limbs, chest Office LIVER blood also, so the blood fever, the medicine can not be used qi. Two co-offensive liver pain is strength Evils, is not available qi of the drug, Wu Mei Wan can, liver multi-port head pain on both sides of throat swelling or by pain, this is Jue Yin's disease, can not be identified as Shaoyang disease, Available Chaihuguizhi dried ginger. Unknown diarrhea, fast, no pain This is the next on the hot-cold, yin and yang, the typical symptoms of separation can not be identified lunar disease.
4. Treatment principles - "
Jue Yin disease is first to eliminate the ice cold (Sini generation), open water, are born in spring, and then sterile tree planting (Wu Mei Wan).
If the carrier (including mother to child transmission), the symptoms was not obvious, first with moxibustion break immune tolerance, re-moxibustion Guan Yuan Zhongwan until the liver pain. If Shao, lunar symptoms, then the first went to Shao lunar symptoms first.
5. Analysis of drug use - "
A large prescription Wu Mei Wan (Yin and Yang separate disease, severe cold on the hot-under), Chaihuguizhi dried ginger (on the hot-Lower Cambrian), Angelica Sini Tang (Han-sheng), Wu Mei Wan with acid is a combination of yin and yang in order to make yin and yang, composite, has nothing to do with the five elements, the composition of drugs to see integrity, do not look local.
Chaihuguizhi dry ginger, Shaoyang Jue Yin Yin on the hot side of the Lower Cambrian medication, for the yin and the transition to the Sanyang medication.
6. Condition restoration of order - "
If Western medicine's view, should be the third year (or the mother and child to carry) -> hbesg disappeared, small 2 - "Virus DNA molecules from high concentration (greater than 10 ^ 8) the gradual loss (less than 1000), and some will be have anti-hbesg appear or primary three - "a variety of symptoms eliminated, five full overcast, completely normal (very difficult, takes a long time)
a. mother and child to carry non-governance, errors, there is no medicine in the eyes of the disease is not treated, the key is to break immune tolerance to use moxibustion
b. viruses easily mutate shit, this is a long-term use vaccination, interferon, and taking Hepu given the results of such medicine, taking medicine is not easy variation.
c. can not be cured of hepatitis B, hepatitis B virus and normal liver cells to form covalently closed chain CcCDNA, nonsense, it is Western medicine in order to shirk responsibility lies fabricated their aim is to make long-term use in patients with lamivudine-like drugs, the drug while temporarily so that DNA can be overcast, but it must be long-term use, once the withdrawal will be the virus outbreak!
d. abnormal liver function (100 ~ 200) is to use western medicine to use anti-virus the best time to fart, abnormal liver function like a fever, is the body attacks the inevitable result of hepatitis B virus, this time anti-virus is not a drug works, but rather the body's natural healing process. High fever is not terrible, low-grade fever of the most touching, so to recover is the most important.
e. transhepatic the body did not hurt, ignorance of the Western ah
f. Xiaoyao pill, gentian vent line of gas-breaking balls, the liver-yang of the drug, pure stifle vitality than the Western medicine is also terrible!
To sum up, a friend as long as the understanding of chronic hepatitis B clear, medication properly, I am sure, will reach 80% of the primary three, DNA yin of the treatment outcomes.
Why is hepatitis B will be repeated attack?
The most fundamental reason is that the virus to replicate in the body, such as acts of sabotage and disruption, and immune function due to defects.
According to long-term clinical observation, the following factors may be repeated incentives:
Why is hepatitis B will be repeated attack?
A result of labor and the fat, about 1 / 5 of patients with chronic hepatitis are often overloaded with exertion and relapse;
A result of eating the hair, lavish meals, eat too much indigestion, and some eating too many hot foods (such as lamb, dog, chicken, etc.) or alcohol to disease recurrence;
Due to drugs, due to make up the hair, this part of the increasing proportion of patients, accounting for about causes of recurrence of 2 / 5, taking the drugs damage the liver, some
A result of taking hormone Ershi hepatitis recurrence, also eat the placenta, ginseng, donkey-hide gelatin and other tonic to repeated illness;
Changes made due to the environment, mission travel, the old patterns of life destroyed Ershi disease was underway;
Due to seasonal changes in hair, four seasons with spring and summer the ratio of volatility is high;
Due to emotional and hair, anger, Yu, nausea, excessive grief can make hepatitis outbreak;
Illness and the hair, hepatitis patients often can be a result of flu, diarrhea and other diseases, so that relapse.
Cirrhosis of the liver susceptible to bacterial invasion
The disease begins abruptly, the condition changes fast. Multi-fever accompanied by chills, fever type irregular, mostly in 390C-40OC. Systemic symptoms, often seen headache, muscle pain, tachypnea, heart rate speeding up the performance, but also often altered mental status, light are drowsiness, hallucinations, severe cases, coma. Its diagnostic criteria are:
1, chills, fever;
2, shock;
3, associated with bacterial peritonitis, or other parts of the bacterial infection;
4, liver disease increased the short term, into the deepening jaundice or hepatic coma occurred;
5, peripheral leukocytes and neutrophils increased, there is the phenomenon of toxic particles and shift to the left;
6, positive bacterial cultures of blood or bone marrow;
Why is difficult to clear the hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis B is hepatitis B, listing the current known A, B, C, D, E, F. G 7 kinds of viral hepatitis "crimes", in addition to the last century, 80 years rampant 1:00 outbreak of hepatitis A, hepatitis B finally its long-lasting endurance, tenacious refractory to capture the lead, so that the public "talk about the liver pale." Around the world currently has about 400 million hepatitis B virus carriers, but in fact, China alone more than 45%, that is, nearly 7 million people have been infected with hepatitis B virus. The vast majority of them rely on their own defense against the power of a successful invasion of the virus, while the immune system problems people have with the various states with a variety of viruses, "Hepatitis B term" contact together. Hepatitis B, has become a hazard to human health of global issues.
Everything from the virus began
Of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a DNA virus, like a snake venom secreted by certain body parts will only work for specific, like hepatitis B virus, only the liver, "has developed a taste," it is addicted to the biological Liver DNA virus family (hepadnavividae) in a family. The members of this family of viruses found in mammals and birds also have found that their structures, gene sequences and replication strategies are very similar, but between them they do not cross each other. In addition to the specific organ specificity, their hosts also have "racial requirements", such as HBV and gorillas are the only susceptibility.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) Schematic diagram of
A complete hepatitis B virus particles, also known as Dane particles, only 42 nm in diameter, about one millionth of an ordinary egg. Shell and the core of hepatitis B virus has two parts, that is apart from the vast majority of viruses have a beautiful "capsid", the hepatitis B virus, but also coupled with a sophisticated "jacket." This case is the so-called "jacket", which thickness 7-8 nm, from the lipid bilayer and protein composition of envelope. Lipid bilayer containing S antigen, pre-S1 and pre-S2 antigen, which together constitute the shell large, medium and small three proteins form, collectively referred to as hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg), which is commonly known as the Australian people's resistance. With regard to the origin of anti-Australia there is still a story that was first serum from the Australian Aboriginal people separated, when the thought of a local ethnic-specific genetic markers, so called "Australia antigen." Later learned that hepatitis B virus surface antigen. The so-called antigen actually cause the body resistance response elements, while the contrast, the body can recognize and resist the elements is the antibody of the antigen.
Dano stripped shell particles, exposing the core of hepatitis B virus particles. Core particle diameter of 28 nm, showing three-dimensional icosahedral symmetry, and its surface is a real virus capsid by the hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) component. Nucleocapsid free state only in the liver cell nuclei observed. Through strong detergent or enzyme treatment methods, but also revealed another major HBV antigens e antigen, its essence is not yet clear, but most people think is the core of the fragment.
Dano is the center of ring particles and there are gaps in the DNA double-stranded, and the dependent DNA polymerase in the above. Hepatitis B virus genome of one of the most striking feature is that it is very small, the DNA molecule contains about 3200 nucleotides of about more than the largest known genome of the virus hundreds of times smaller, and the human genome have compared only the one in a million. And the hepatitis B virus DNA, two chains of different lengths, long-chain integrity, and length of the constant negative chain. Short-chain is a positive chain of variable length, probably long-chain, 50% to 80%. Surface antigen and core antigen are encoded by the DNA from Dane particles.
Under the electron microscope to observe the hepatitis B virus, 3 different patterns: large spherical particles, small spherical particles and tubular particles.
In reality, the electron microscope to observe the hepatitis B virus, 3 different patterns: large spherical particles, small spherical particles and tubular particles. Large spherical particles is Dano particles. A small ball-shaped particles about 22 nm in diameter, is the hepatitis B virus infection in the blood up to see the kind. It consists of the composition of surface antigen and does not contain hepatitis B virus DNA and DNA polymerase. Tube-shaped particles, diameter about 22 nm, length 50 ~ 70 nm. Fact, by the coming together of several small spherical particles formed, but the same with the HBsAg antigenicity. Whether a small ball or a tube-shaped particles are not a complete hepatitis B virus particles, which are infected with hepatitis B virus in liver cells capsular synthesis of excess, free in the body's blood circulation.
DNA competition
Unlike a real organism, the virus does not pass through such means as reproductive growth and division itself, but as we like the casting machine parts, according to some copies of out of the mold. Virus DNA contains a number of procedures to guide the virus genetic material and other components of the proliferation of structural proteins. In addition, the viral DNA, also contains some information so that a single component to factor in the cell with the help of self-assembled into new virus particles.
In medicine, the propagation of the virus is called "Copy" in the replication process, there are two very important factors: one is the catalyst, the other is the template. Did not these two factors, hepatitis B virus can not be copied. Hepatitis B virus replication "catalyst" is the hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase. Without this the role of polymerase, hepatitis B virus replication will stop.
Hepatitis B virus genome (DNA) is a two helix DNA chains surrounded by a ring structure. One of the negative long-chain has been formed a complete ring; the other is a shorter length of chain, was semi-ring. After the infected liver cells, this semi-ring of the DNA chain will appear as a negative chain as a template, in the catalyst ─ ─ The role of hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase be extended eventually to form a complete ring. At this time of the hepatitis B virus genome to form a complete ring of double-stranded DNA. We call this covalently closed circular DNA called DNA (ie cccDNA), it can be seen as the original template of viral replication. After the formation of the template, the virus genome will be one of a cccDNA as a template, the use of liver cell gene in the DNA polymerase enzymes and a "catalyst", a gene has a gene copy to form a minus-strand and plus-strand. Finally re-assembled together to form a new hepatitis B virus DNA particles.
Of hepatitis B virus replication Effect Picture
This cccDNA is the hepatitis B virus replication an important intermediate product, once it is formed in the liver cell nucleus, it has a high degree of stability, persist in the liver cells, not only played just said, "template" role, but Also, as deeply rooted in the soil of the weed is difficult to completely remove the same. Antiviral drugs, no matter what, no matter how much the intracellular DNA were inhibited, and regardless of how long medication, are very difficult to remove this cccDNA. As long as the liver cells, only a few amount of cccDNA, when the withdrawal, the nucleus The cccDNA viral replication and can once again become a "model", to continue replicating hepatitis B virus DNA, which is very difficult to eradicate hepatitis B causes.
In real life, most people are familiar with the "two pairs of semi-Hepatitis B" In fact, detection of hepatitis B virus infection is not pathogenic substances and materials (in other words, not a live hepatitis B virus), so check the "two pairs of semi-Hepatitis B" only reflects whether a person is infected with hepatitis B, but can not directly reveal the depth of hepatitis B virus replication in the human body and disease situation, would be unable to better guide clinical use of drugs and the development of treatment programs. In order to find a correct and reasonable quantitative indicators of the virus, the experts after years of study, found an effective way to ─ ─ hepatitis B virus DNA quantitative test. This test can reflect the living blood of patients with the virus load contribute to understanding of hepatitis B virus in the patient's body around the world. Hepatitis B virus DNA that contain genetic information of the material, which is the basis for replication of hepatitis B virus progeny. Therefore, the understanding of hepatitis B virus DNA in the patient's body rise and fall of a situation, we indirectly ascertained the situation of hepatitis B virus replication.
Small knowledge: two pairs of semi-hepatitis B
By detecting antibodies to hepatitis B virus can easily determine whether the dyed his sense of hepatitis B virus, anti-detection of Australia is an important clinical diagnostic indicators. But the mere detection of an antibody to it has no hair out completely determine the current status of hepatitis B virus, the best solution is to remove and hepatitis B-related antigens and antibodies all detected, that is: hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), e antigen (HBeAg) and core antigen (HBcAg), as well as the corresponding three kinds of antigens induced antibodies, respectively, the surface antibody (anti-HBs), e antibody (anti-HBe) and core antibody (anti-HBc). Due to technical reasons, general laboratory tests can not be the core antigen, so three pairs of antigen-antibody less one, so the hospital is testing HBV-check "HBV 5", commonly known as two pairs and a half.
Commonly called "HBeAg" refers to the hepatitis B surface antigen, e antigen, core antibody positive 3; and "Xiao Sanyang" refers to the surface antigen, e antibody, core antibody positive. The antigen-antibody in clinical practice there are different directions of their meaning: the surface antigen (HBsAg) expressed in vivo existence of hepatitis B virus; surface antibody (anti-HBs) said that whether there is a protective body that can resist viruses; е antigen (HBeAg) indicated that virus replication and infectious; е antibody (anti-HBe) indicated that viral replication is suppressed; and core antibody (anti-HBc) mainly indicate whether infected with hepatitis B virus.
In fact, hepatitis B virus itself does not cause the disease, its liver cell injury is mainly cleared by the body's immune system response caused. Hepatitis B virus infection after the body, invades the liver cells, resulting in liver cell changes in certain structures. To stimulate the body's own liver cells to produce immune response, thus resulting in cell damage would be. In more severe cases of liver damage, the body's immune system and even has not been violated HBV with liver cells to kill, it also shows that self-inflammation immune response in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B has an important significance. With normal immune function, body HBV-infected liver cells a series of immune responses, as has been the gradual elimination of the virus, and gradually recovered. This is what China has more than 45% of people had been infected with hepatitis B virus, but eventually the majority of hepatitis B virus, the human body has no residual causes.
While in the past few million years, gradually in the course of human evolution obtained from the virus, where hundreds of genes, but when a new virus invasion of the body when the normal work of a strong immune system, or can not tolerate the virus DNA to the cell invasion and occupation of the resources will not hesitate to cleansing "invaders."
In the virus is not over yet
Fast variation of viral replication fast, and close to the body's cells and may even be combined with the cell DNA, life-long accompanied by ordinary drugs against the virus is difficult to do no harm to the cells, which are treated virus considerable difficulties faced by . Until now, at home and abroad have not yet effective way to cure hepatitis.
Once their own immune system can not be blocking the invasion of the virus, then the grasp of the laws of the virus, antiviral treatment is still rule-based, from the characteristics of the virus start against the virus entry, and block the replication of the virus and prevent viral protein production, to contain the virus escape channels, and to avoid drug-resistant virus, and so many scientific studies have been started.
Better recognized internationally, the clinical application of the most successful and most widely used is the interferon treatment and nucleoside analogues lamivudine therapy, but these two treatments, there are strict conditions of application, and the medication for a long time completely cured the likelihood is low, there can be only achieved 大三阳 some people turn Xiao Sanyang, DNA negative in such a clear role of the virus within the blood, but also have certain side effects. Lamivudine may lead to virus mutation, so that lamivudine failure. These two drugs, then there may be inadvertent withdrawal intense rebound condition. So, scientists are actively seeking their sister drugs, some have entered Phase III clinical trials. 2004 Nian October 29 to November 2 in Boston meeting of the International Liver Diseases year will be more coverage of the anti-viral treatment of viral hepatitis were reported, a change the past, hepatitis is more boring situation, anti-viral treatment involving wide canopies. As the current anti-HBV drugs have limited efficacy, many scholars believe that the future development direction for the combination therapy, which is the focus of future research.
For the treatment of hepatitis B vaccine, China's Fudan University, Wen Yumei research group led by academician, Chongqing, Zhejiang University, Kai-chen companies as well as three teams have done a lot of work. Now also has entered the clinical validation phase.
In addition to therapeutic work, prevention of fact, for the whole community and individuals, and perhaps more should receive attention, whether on the basis of the establishment of preventive measures in health for the hepatitis B is currently the most effective way. China's universal vaccination against hepatitis B virus preventive vaccine has a very good preventive effect. Healthy people before and after vaccination, the body will produce the vast majority of hepatitis B virus protective antibodies, it will not be infected with HBV. Babies born to hepatitis B virus carriers, as long as the first day of injection of hepatitis B vaccine at birth, later gradually entrenched vaccination can generally prevent hepatitis B virus infection. Therefore, preventive hepatitis B vaccine has become a routine vaccination of newborn babies. China's newly developed out of a hepatitis B associated Miao, through clinical validation, can not only effectively enhance the immune response, has also injected a single branch of hepatitis A vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine the same effect, but also help to reduce the kinds of radio frequency and leakage rates. Previously, only the United States successfully A, hepatitis B vaccine with vaccination use. Its use will be further beneficial to a hepatitis B prevention and control work.
In the past 30 years, the discovery of the hepatitis virus, and research, as well as blood screening and vaccine use, so that scientists will soon be convinced of viral hepatitis under the control of humans, it will never be like the past thousands of years, as pairs of Association of human-induced wei
Five Mistakes liver disease
Heard that such and such a person's liver function is not normal, is usually the first reaction of the people that "he is not got hepatitis, will not be transmitted." As everyone knows, a considerable number of patients with abnormal liver function was not caused by hepatitis. In addition, even got hepatitis, do not panic, not all are infectious hepatitis, nor is it would develop into liver cirrhosis or liver cancer.
Misunderstanding 1 - liver disease is hepatitis
A great range of liver diseases, including infectious diseases accounted for the main part. Not only common viral hepatitis, as well as leptospirosis, parasitic infections (schistosomiasis, malaria and amoebic disease), liver abscess, liver granuloma change, hepatobiliary tuberculosis, leprosy, rickettsial infections, mycoplasma infections, relapsing fever, liver syphilis. Fungal infections, kala-azar, Clonorchis sinensis disease, liver and biliary ascariasis ascariasis, liver hydatid disease, biliary Giardia lamblia infection. In addition, many systemic infectious diseases also can cause small areas of focal necrosis of liver inflammation.
In addition to infection factors, other non-infectious factors also can cause changes in the liver.
● autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune hepatitis;
● drugs and toxins causing liver injury, such as drug-induced, alcohol, industrial and environmental toxic liver disease, etc.;
● genetic and metabolic diseases, such as malnutrition, fatty liver, diabetes, etc.;
● hepatic vascular diseases, such as hepatic artery stenosis, hepatic artery aneurysm. Hepatic arteriovenous - venous fistula, etc.;
● liver tumors, such as primary liver cancer, metastatic liver cancer. Other liver tumor, a benign tumor such as liver and gallbladder.
Clinically, the disease can cause liver damage as many dozens, some of the very low incidence, not a few.
A Short History of Viral Hepatitis
Far away in BC 460 ~ 375 years, Western medicine Hippocrates, the father of the "medical disease" mentioned that "epidemic jaundice."
1858 Bambecga that the opening in the common bile duct obstruction is a cause of inflammation, known as "obstructive jaundice." 1868 Virchow discovered that the common bile duct embolization caused by mucus, called "catarrhal jaundice." The beginning of 1940 proved to be the liver inflammation. Followed by Dr. Su Lian at first said that liver damage is mainly systemic infections, called "special package's disease." 1939-1945 years during World War II took place not strictly a result of syringe disinfection of serum hepatitis epidemic due to suspected viral. 1973 Feinstone, etc. from a patient with immuno-electron microscopy of hepatitis A virus found in feces, through fecal transmission, then known as infectious hepatitis (hepatitis A), by serum-borne is called serum hepatitis (hepatitis B).
Dane with the immune electron microscopy in 1970 to complete hepatitis B virus (HBV) particles. Of hepatitis B vaccine to prevent hepatitis B by KrugMam first proposed, has been widely used.
1979, hepatitis A antibodies can be detected.
70s of last century found a non-A, non-B hepatitis. Until September 1989, it will be transmitted by transfusion of non-A non-B hepatitis called hepatitis C infection through the digestive tract of non-A non-B hepatitis called hepatitis.
Rizzetto, etc. in Italy in 1977 found that patients with HBsAg-positive liver cell nucleus there is a new antigen, said the Q factor, was named in 1983, hepatitis D virus (HDV). Was recognized that it alone, the total overlap with the hepatitis B infection, jackal to the tiger, siding with the bully.
Today, these five types of viral hepatitis can be detected in a number of hospitals identified. Subsequently found in sporadic acute hepatitis and chronic post-transfusion hepatitis in many cases, using existing diagnostic techniques can be sensitive to exclude A, B, C, D, hepatitis E, therefore, there may have been-and G-type hepatitis . 1996 Linnen and other officially reported hepatitis G virus (HGV).
In addition to the above, there are a number of viral infection can cause inflammation of the liver disease, mostly systemic symptoms, but mainly, the liver inflammation, mostly secondary, not typical. Such as intestinal virus, rubella virus, measles virus, adenovirus, HSV, VZV, EB virus can cause viral hepatitis.