Food should light: should eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, such as cabbage, celery, spinach, cucumber, tomatoes, apples, pears, citrus and so on.
High-quality food rich in protein: protein is to maintain the activities of human life, one of the most important nutrients, hepatitis B when the patient's condition improved, which should gradually increase the protein intake, and select high-quality protein and high nutritional value of food, in order to facilitate liver cell regeneration and repair.
Such foods are milk, eggs, fish, lean meat, soy products and so on. In general, adults with a daily protein intake of 1-1.5 g / kg body weight is appropriate.
Trace Elements: hepatitis B patient is often a lack of zinc, manganese, selenium and other trace elements, some patients also a lack of calcium, phosphorus, iron and other minerals. It is therefore appropriate supplement containing trace elements and minerals in food such as seaweed, oysters, mushrooms, sesame, jujube, Qi Zi and so on. Next: liver disease should not eat the food what?
Patients with liver disease should not eat the food what?
Patients with hepatitis is not appropriate to eat the canned food, fried, and fried foods, instant noodles and sausages.
Canned food preservative, food coloring, etc. will increase the metabolism and detoxification function of the liver burden. Deep-fried, fried a high-fat foods, do not digest and absorb.
Repeated frying food in oil would be carcinogens.
MSG is a condiment, an amount of more patients with liver disease or frequently over-using it, there may be a brief headache, palpitation and nausea.
Not to eat a variety of sweets.
Less consumption of sunflower seeds. Sunflower seeds contain unsaturated fatty acids, eat will affect liver cell function.
Century egg contains a certain amount of lead, often Century egg consumption makes a lack of calcium and osteoporosis.
A variety of pickled food too salty, eat a lot of patients with liver disease is likely to affect water, sodium metabolism in patients with liver cirrhosis should be taboo.
Tea hepatitis B patients should pay attention to what issues?
Tea health benefits of hepatitis B patients, but should pay attention to timely, adequate, 1 hour before meals should be suspended in the tea, so as not to dilute the gastric acid; Do not drink tea before bedtime and fasting; tea should not be too thick; day, not the total tea More than 1000-1500 ml; care patients should not drink tea; taking supplements, tonic medicines should be avoided during the tea, or tea is preferred medication. Hepatitis B patients should pay attention to what to eat fruit?
Hepatitis B patients in the appropriate day, eat fruit and healthy, but should pay attention to:
General hepatitis B patients may choose to apples, oranges, grapes, pear, coconut and so on, spleen Deficiency diarrhea who Yichi longan, litchi, hawthorn, jujube, not eating persimmons, bananas, sugar cane, grapefruit, mulberry; cirrhotic ascites take diuretic persons, Yichi citrus, plum, plum, coconut, etc.; liver qi stagnation who Yichi kumquat, orange balls.
How can hepatitis B patients to drink milk?
Acute hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis B activity period, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention disgust oil and who should not drink milk. In the digestive tract symptom relief and rehabilitation period is better to drink. Cirrhosis of the liver associated with hepatic coma or hepatic coma tendencies, should not drink milk, otherwise they will induce hepatic coma.
Not large or big gulp of drink: milk contains 5% lactose, when the body is insufficient lactase, drinking milk, too much too quickly, lactose can not be digested and absorbed, easy to cause abdominal distension, diarrhea. Therefore, should the small mouth when you drink milk, drink, saliva and milk, mixing until after the swallow.
Should not be drinking sugar: sucrose in the gastrointestinal tract because of the decomposition products with the calcium in milk and in, not only is not conducive to calcium absorption, but will encourage bacterial fermentation gas production, resulting in abdominal distension.
Fasting should not be drinking: If fasting drink milk, milk protein instead of carbohydrates into energy can be consumed, would not achieve the new organizational structure of protein to repair the old organization.
2010年3月21日星期日
Hepatitis B virus is a broad-invasive virus, in addition to violations of the liver, it will also violations of gastric mucosa. Hepatitis B complicated by the incidence of gastric mucosal damage up to 80%. This liver-derived stomach, mainly for peptic ulcer disease, bile reflux gastritis, superficial gastritis and atrophic gastritis and so on.
Hepatitis B if there is upper abdominal pain, anorexia, postprandial fullness, pantothenic acid, heartburn, nausea, nausea and vomiting and other symptoms, it is possible the liver-derived stomach performance. At this point not only to check the liver function, endoscopy and Helicobacter pylori inspection needs to be done in order to timely treatment.
In daily life, patients with hepatitis B should pay attention to keep their minds at ease, avoid anxiety and nervousness, so that living there often, work and rest. Do not eat too much Eat less spicy food stimulation, avoid acidic foods to stimulate, do not drink coffee, tea. Meal when chewing food thoroughly, do not eat too fast, because chewing can increase saliva secretion, which can be diluted in saliva and gastric acid and to enhance the role of gastric mucosal barrier.
Hepatitis B if there is upper abdominal pain, anorexia, postprandial fullness, pantothenic acid, heartburn, nausea, nausea and vomiting and other symptoms, it is possible the liver-derived stomach performance. At this point not only to check the liver function, endoscopy and Helicobacter pylori inspection needs to be done in order to timely treatment.
In daily life, patients with hepatitis B should pay attention to keep their minds at ease, avoid anxiety and nervousness, so that living there often, work and rest. Do not eat too much Eat less spicy food stimulation, avoid acidic foods to stimulate, do not drink coffee, tea. Meal when chewing food thoroughly, do not eat too fast, because chewing can increase saliva secretion, which can be diluted in saliva and gastric acid and to enhance the role of gastric mucosal barrier.
Hepatitis B can prevent liver cancer in patients with eating grapes
Fruit not only complement the human body needs vitamins, can prevent primary liver cancer. 4 Hospital of Harbin Medical University, vice president of Dr. Liu Ming, National Natural Science Foundation of applications - the role of fruit and prevent liver cancer, has been approved. The results of this study is available through certain fruit extracts, the production of pharmaceutical preparations or oral solution, to facilitate the use of liver cancer high-risk groups.
Dr. Liu Ming as early as in 2002, the United States to study, they found called raspberry fruit, which is rich in large numbers of "Tanning acid," Liu Ming will "Tanning acid" and the mixed culture hepatoma cells and found that " Tanning Acid "actually can inhibit tumor growth.
After returning to Liu in the study found that grapes, apples and other fruits also have anti-cancer effect. Among them, grape skin contains anthocyanidins, flavonoids, polyphenols and other plant materials and efficient anti-cancer, but from grapes, apples can be extracted with the anti-oxidation, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and the promotion of angiogenesis substances.
The study found that hepatitis B virus carriers, rural long-term consumption of moldy food groups, and to have a family history of genetic high-risk groups, if long-term consumption of raspberries, grapes and other fruits, which can effectively prevent primary liver cancer.
As to how reasonable consumption of fruits, Liu Dr. three suggestions: First, at least a day eating grapes, apples or oranges and other fruit two or more, if at the same time with cauliflower, tomatoes, carrots and other vegetables for more than three kinds of consumption, better ; Second, grapes, apples and other fruits need to soak, wash with a peel after eating; three daily intake of vegetables and fruits, not less than 400 ~ 500 grams, and fruits and vegetable varieties as much as possible.
Dr. Liu Ming as early as in 2002, the United States to study, they found called raspberry fruit, which is rich in large numbers of "Tanning acid," Liu Ming will "Tanning acid" and the mixed culture hepatoma cells and found that " Tanning Acid "actually can inhibit tumor growth.
After returning to Liu in the study found that grapes, apples and other fruits also have anti-cancer effect. Among them, grape skin contains anthocyanidins, flavonoids, polyphenols and other plant materials and efficient anti-cancer, but from grapes, apples can be extracted with the anti-oxidation, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and the promotion of angiogenesis substances.
The study found that hepatitis B virus carriers, rural long-term consumption of moldy food groups, and to have a family history of genetic high-risk groups, if long-term consumption of raspberries, grapes and other fruits, which can effectively prevent primary liver cancer.
As to how reasonable consumption of fruits, Liu Dr. three suggestions: First, at least a day eating grapes, apples or oranges and other fruit two or more, if at the same time with cauliflower, tomatoes, carrots and other vegetables for more than three kinds of consumption, better ; Second, grapes, apples and other fruits need to soak, wash with a peel after eating; three daily intake of vegetables and fruits, not less than 400 ~ 500 grams, and fruits and vegetable varieties as much as possible.
Attention to detail refused to dye hepatitis B
Once an adult suffering from hepatitis B, the virus would be through continuous replication, destroying its own immune system, a considerable number of people eventually deteriorate into liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hepatitis B surface antigen positive, and finally 1 / 3 of people into chronic persistent hepatitis, of which there are 1 / 3 into cirrhosis of the liver, liver cirrhosis patients and 1 / 3 into liver cancer. Main mode of transmission is blood-borne, sexually transmitted and maternal and child vertical transmission.
Against hepatitis B
Once an adult suffering from hepatitis B, the virus would be through continuous replication, destroying its own immune system, a considerable number of people eventually deteriorate into liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hepatitis B surface antigen positive, and finally 1 / 3 of people into chronic persistent hepatitis, of which there are 1 / 3 into cirrhosis of the liver, liver cirrhosis patients and 1 / 3 into liver cancer. Main mode of transmission is blood-borne, sexually transmitted and maternal and child vertical transmission.
Adults carrying rate of hepatitis B virus remains high due mainly to the following areas: 1. Our country was from 1992 to the neonatal hepatitis B vaccination free of charge, at present a lot of adults do not inoculated; 2. Vaccinated are required to pay, Some people save money; 3. too busy, no time to be vaccinated; 4. do not realize that hepatitis B hazards.
Adults should pay more attention to prevent hepatitis B
20 ~ 30-year-old age group are in life and social activities of the most productive period of heavy work, not the law of life, a strong psychological pressure overload the body has been in a state of immunity fall, for the hepatitis B virus invasion lay hidden; while with the increase in travel and entertainment, the skin appears even a little bit of damage, such as oral ulcers, scratches, etc., will increase the risk of hepatitis B infection.
At the same time, because this age group are in love, sexually active phase, high-risk sexual behavior (such as unprotected sex and frequent change of sexual partners, multiple sex partners and years of sexual activity history, etc.) will increase the risk of virus infection . Once the risk of hepatitis B, the virus will be through continuous replication, leading to worsening of disease and ultimately easily lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer, a white-collar workers stumbling block to success and happiness.
Life, attention to detail
To avoid infection hepatitis
Xiao-Ling is a freshman student, not long ago at a clinic scaling. In the scaling shortly after, she began to have fever, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, hospital examination revealed she had acute hepatitis. She was six months ago, medical examinations and liver function are two pairs of semi-normal, the parents are not carriers of hepatitis B virus, there is no possibility of genetic hepatitis B, how it suddenly got hepatitis B? To undergo a medical analysis and diagnosis, it may be that scaling, so that she was infected with hepatitis B virus.
Scaling itself is not wrong, but did not choose the regular hospital. Now have to use disposable dental supplies, dental drill, but because of the price, there is no one person one, so that requires medical institutions have very strict disinfection measures, or high-pressure sterilization, or disinfectant contact with the body and may have traumatic Equipment must be absolutely sterile virus-free. Some small agencies lack the proper diagnosis and treatment of disinfection monitoring measures the concentration of disinfectant is not enough or non-replacement, will cause the device to become the carrier of the spread of disease.
In addition to scaling, the life of all those acts that are harmful to the skin vulnerable to hepatitis and AIDS. Skin is the body's a natural line of defense that can withstand external mechanical, physical, chemical stimulation of the injury and the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms, while the tattoo and other invasive cosmetic items have destroyed this line of defense to make the body susceptible to disease-causing micro-organisms invasion.
During Wen Mei, Wen eyeliner, tattoos, playing pierced ears, tongue-dong, umbilical puncture holes and other class beauty items, some of the lack of high-temperature sterilization beauty shop facilities, many of which are alcohol, iodine, or in disinfecting cabinet disinfection, which does not guarantee that kill the virus.
Mei-Wen, for example, often in the beauty sector. Despite the tattoo needle may choose to purchase a one-time, but a box of paints usually have to spend a lot of people, Wenxiu Needlestick break the skin, to bring into the paint, body fluids and blood-borne viruses may be the next person to enter the body; others such as street repair nail shop often used rubbing alcohol, even if a sterile; beauty of the face with a rush, a person, they are not sterile basin over mix, beauty, when a lot of people want to Eyebrow Shaping, pulling eyebrows, the skin can cause slight damage.
In addition acupuncture lose weight, weight loss or breast surgery, Botox injections are all risk factors for hepatitis B transmission.
Experts remind:
One person must be a razor, even if the father and his sons do not mix. Because the shaving process, will occur naked eye can not see the skin damage, many people mix easily lead to cross infection. If the formation of habits, on the outside will not pay attention to this issue. In particular, college freshmen enrolled this year, then we must tell the child control of their personal belongings, and students do not mix.
The problem of sexual transmission of hepatitis B should be re-emphasized, oral ulcers, when damaged or kissing can also transmit hepatitis B; best to wear condoms during sex; to promote safe sex.
Against hepatitis B
Once an adult suffering from hepatitis B, the virus would be through continuous replication, destroying its own immune system, a considerable number of people eventually deteriorate into liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hepatitis B surface antigen positive, and finally 1 / 3 of people into chronic persistent hepatitis, of which there are 1 / 3 into cirrhosis of the liver, liver cirrhosis patients and 1 / 3 into liver cancer. Main mode of transmission is blood-borne, sexually transmitted and maternal and child vertical transmission.
Adults carrying rate of hepatitis B virus remains high due mainly to the following areas: 1. Our country was from 1992 to the neonatal hepatitis B vaccination free of charge, at present a lot of adults do not inoculated; 2. Vaccinated are required to pay, Some people save money; 3. too busy, no time to be vaccinated; 4. do not realize that hepatitis B hazards.
Adults should pay more attention to prevent hepatitis B
20 ~ 30-year-old age group are in life and social activities of the most productive period of heavy work, not the law of life, a strong psychological pressure overload the body has been in a state of immunity fall, for the hepatitis B virus invasion lay hidden; while with the increase in travel and entertainment, the skin appears even a little bit of damage, such as oral ulcers, scratches, etc., will increase the risk of hepatitis B infection.
At the same time, because this age group are in love, sexually active phase, high-risk sexual behavior (such as unprotected sex and frequent change of sexual partners, multiple sex partners and years of sexual activity history, etc.) will increase the risk of virus infection . Once the risk of hepatitis B, the virus will be through continuous replication, leading to worsening of disease and ultimately easily lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer, a white-collar workers stumbling block to success and happiness.
Life, attention to detail
To avoid infection hepatitis
Xiao-Ling is a freshman student, not long ago at a clinic scaling. In the scaling shortly after, she began to have fever, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, hospital examination revealed she had acute hepatitis. She was six months ago, medical examinations and liver function are two pairs of semi-normal, the parents are not carriers of hepatitis B virus, there is no possibility of genetic hepatitis B, how it suddenly got hepatitis B? To undergo a medical analysis and diagnosis, it may be that scaling, so that she was infected with hepatitis B virus.
Scaling itself is not wrong, but did not choose the regular hospital. Now have to use disposable dental supplies, dental drill, but because of the price, there is no one person one, so that requires medical institutions have very strict disinfection measures, or high-pressure sterilization, or disinfectant contact with the body and may have traumatic Equipment must be absolutely sterile virus-free. Some small agencies lack the proper diagnosis and treatment of disinfection monitoring measures the concentration of disinfectant is not enough or non-replacement, will cause the device to become the carrier of the spread of disease.
In addition to scaling, the life of all those acts that are harmful to the skin vulnerable to hepatitis and AIDS. Skin is the body's a natural line of defense that can withstand external mechanical, physical, chemical stimulation of the injury and the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms, while the tattoo and other invasive cosmetic items have destroyed this line of defense to make the body susceptible to disease-causing micro-organisms invasion.
During Wen Mei, Wen eyeliner, tattoos, playing pierced ears, tongue-dong, umbilical puncture holes and other class beauty items, some of the lack of high-temperature sterilization beauty shop facilities, many of which are alcohol, iodine, or in disinfecting cabinet disinfection, which does not guarantee that kill the virus.
Mei-Wen, for example, often in the beauty sector. Despite the tattoo needle may choose to purchase a one-time, but a box of paints usually have to spend a lot of people, Wenxiu Needlestick break the skin, to bring into the paint, body fluids and blood-borne viruses may be the next person to enter the body; others such as street repair nail shop often used rubbing alcohol, even if a sterile; beauty of the face with a rush, a person, they are not sterile basin over mix, beauty, when a lot of people want to Eyebrow Shaping, pulling eyebrows, the skin can cause slight damage.
In addition acupuncture lose weight, weight loss or breast surgery, Botox injections are all risk factors for hepatitis B transmission.
Experts remind:
One person must be a razor, even if the father and his sons do not mix. Because the shaving process, will occur naked eye can not see the skin damage, many people mix easily lead to cross infection. If the formation of habits, on the outside will not pay attention to this issue. In particular, college freshmen enrolled this year, then we must tell the child control of their personal belongings, and students do not mix.
The problem of sexual transmission of hepatitis B should be re-emphasized, oral ulcers, when damaged or kissing can also transmit hepatitis B; best to wear condoms during sex; to promote safe sex.
Hepatitis patients how to eat healthy fruit?
In patients with hepatitis should pay attention to eating fruit, some fruit unfit to eat, otherwise they will increase the burden of the liver, so that sicker, but there is some fruit on the therapeutic role in patients with hepatitis oh.
Hepatitis patients are most appropriate to eat the fruit: pear, apple, watermelon, water chestnut, jujube, grape, coconut, olive, pomegranate.
Why?
Pears, bananas, apples, watermelon is rich in vitamin C and carbohydrates, to protect the liver and promote liver regeneration effect.
Cirrhotic patients with ascites, often occurring potassium, while the high potassium content of bananas, is an ideal food source of potassium.
Hepatitis patients how to eat healthy fruit?
Sibu Liver Hepatitis B 6 supplements
Watermelon has a diuretic effect, the most suitable for patients with liver cirrhosis with ascites.
Water chestnut, jujube, grape also contain vitamin C, sugar and minerals. Jujube has the role of blood Liver; horseshoe with the role of detoxification and withdrawal jaundice; grapes are Liver and promote the benefits of appetite.
Here focuses on watermelon and grapes:
Watermelon, cold, with heat Jieshu, Chufan thirst quencher, diuretic role of blood pressure, you can treat a number of hot-Sheng Tianjin injuries fever, the ancients called the natural white tiger soup. Watermelon is rich in a lot of sugar, vitamins, you can also heat advantage to be wet, so that the body of the hot and humid from the urine solved.
Modern research shows that watermelon juice and skin contained inorganic salts, there are diuretic effect; contains glycoside, with step-down effect; contained protease, may be the insoluble proteins into soluble protein. Therefore, very suitable for patients with hepatitis, hepatitis governance of natural therapeutic "medicine."
The skins contain anthocyanidins, flavonoids, plant polyphenols and other high-performance anti-cancer substances from the grapes, apples can also be extracted with the anti-oxidation, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and promote angiogenesis substances. Human beings are expected to use raspberry extract in the production of pharmaceutical preparations or oral solution for the susceptibility to liver cancer, prevention of the use of high-risk groups.
Liver cancer known as the "cancer of the King", the patient cure probability is very small. Therefore, the precautionary approach seems more important. Hepatitis B virus carriers, rural long-term consumption of moldy grain populations, and have a family genetic history of high-risk groups should be a long-term consumption of raspberries, grapes and other fruits, can effectively prevent primary liver cancer. At least a day, eating grapes, apples, oranges, etc., or two or more fruit, if and cauliflower, tomatoes, carrots and other vegetables with more than three eat better. Grapes, apples and other fruits soaked, cleaned, it is best consumed as a whole, not peeled.
Spleen Deficiency Diarrhea those Yichi longan, litchi, hawthorn, jujube,
Ascites due to cirrhosis who required diuretic, Yichi citrus, plum, plum, coconut, etc.;
Liver Qi Stagnation are Yichi kumquat, orange balls.
Not eating persimmon, banana, sugar cane, grapefruit, mulberry;
Here also summarized some of the therapeutic effect of hepatitis fruit, you want to benefit patients with hepatitis oh.
1, treatment with liver cirrhosis
Material: 100-150 grams of fresh plums, green tea a little, honey appropriate.
Methods: Plum cut open 300 milliliters water, boil 3 minutes by adding green tea, honey can be. Yin Tang, day 1.
(9) in the treatment of chronic ascites due to cirrhosis material: Pingguo Pi, Li Pi each 15 grams, 100 grams Xianou.
Method: decoction, drink juice, 2 times a day.
2, treatment of viral hepatitis
Melon
Materials: 15 grams melon pedicle.
Methods: melon Di inquiry into Ximo service use. Blowing nose to spend a little time to fine a day several times.
Tip: For acute viral hepatitis is curative.
Hawthorn
Materials: Hawthorn powder.
Methods: 3-4 grams each time, 3 times a day swallow, 10 days for a course of treatment.
Hepatitis patients are most appropriate to eat the fruit: pear, apple, watermelon, water chestnut, jujube, grape, coconut, olive, pomegranate.
Why?
Pears, bananas, apples, watermelon is rich in vitamin C and carbohydrates, to protect the liver and promote liver regeneration effect.
Cirrhotic patients with ascites, often occurring potassium, while the high potassium content of bananas, is an ideal food source of potassium.
Hepatitis patients how to eat healthy fruit?
Sibu Liver Hepatitis B 6 supplements
Watermelon has a diuretic effect, the most suitable for patients with liver cirrhosis with ascites.
Water chestnut, jujube, grape also contain vitamin C, sugar and minerals. Jujube has the role of blood Liver; horseshoe with the role of detoxification and withdrawal jaundice; grapes are Liver and promote the benefits of appetite.
Here focuses on watermelon and grapes:
Watermelon, cold, with heat Jieshu, Chufan thirst quencher, diuretic role of blood pressure, you can treat a number of hot-Sheng Tianjin injuries fever, the ancients called the natural white tiger soup. Watermelon is rich in a lot of sugar, vitamins, you can also heat advantage to be wet, so that the body of the hot and humid from the urine solved.
Modern research shows that watermelon juice and skin contained inorganic salts, there are diuretic effect; contains glycoside, with step-down effect; contained protease, may be the insoluble proteins into soluble protein. Therefore, very suitable for patients with hepatitis, hepatitis governance of natural therapeutic "medicine."
The skins contain anthocyanidins, flavonoids, plant polyphenols and other high-performance anti-cancer substances from the grapes, apples can also be extracted with the anti-oxidation, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and promote angiogenesis substances. Human beings are expected to use raspberry extract in the production of pharmaceutical preparations or oral solution for the susceptibility to liver cancer, prevention of the use of high-risk groups.
Liver cancer known as the "cancer of the King", the patient cure probability is very small. Therefore, the precautionary approach seems more important. Hepatitis B virus carriers, rural long-term consumption of moldy grain populations, and have a family genetic history of high-risk groups should be a long-term consumption of raspberries, grapes and other fruits, can effectively prevent primary liver cancer. At least a day, eating grapes, apples, oranges, etc., or two or more fruit, if and cauliflower, tomatoes, carrots and other vegetables with more than three eat better. Grapes, apples and other fruits soaked, cleaned, it is best consumed as a whole, not peeled.
Spleen Deficiency Diarrhea those Yichi longan, litchi, hawthorn, jujube,
Ascites due to cirrhosis who required diuretic, Yichi citrus, plum, plum, coconut, etc.;
Liver Qi Stagnation are Yichi kumquat, orange balls.
Not eating persimmon, banana, sugar cane, grapefruit, mulberry;
Here also summarized some of the therapeutic effect of hepatitis fruit, you want to benefit patients with hepatitis oh.
1, treatment with liver cirrhosis
Material: 100-150 grams of fresh plums, green tea a little, honey appropriate.
Methods: Plum cut open 300 milliliters water, boil 3 minutes by adding green tea, honey can be. Yin Tang, day 1.
(9) in the treatment of chronic ascites due to cirrhosis material: Pingguo Pi, Li Pi each 15 grams, 100 grams Xianou.
Method: decoction, drink juice, 2 times a day.
2, treatment of viral hepatitis
Melon
Materials: 15 grams melon pedicle.
Methods: melon Di inquiry into Ximo service use. Blowing nose to spend a little time to fine a day several times.
Tip: For acute viral hepatitis is curative.
Hawthorn
Materials: Hawthorn powder.
Methods: 3-4 grams each time, 3 times a day swallow, 10 days for a course of treatment.
The truth of intrauterine infection of hepatitis B
Have been infected with HBV intrauterine neonatal hepatitis B vaccine immunization refers to the failure of the main reasons, in order to reduce neonatal prenatal HBV infection in the uterus by the increase the effect of hepatitis B vaccination in recent years, some scholars have conducted a blocking hepatitis B virus intrauterine transmission of the preliminary study.
Mother to child transmission of HBV is considered three ways: ① prenatal intrauterine infection; ② dissemination of birth; ③ postnatal horizontal transmission.
The truth of intrauterine infection of hepatitis B
Block detail "infected" HBV!
As the existence of modes of transmission of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis B prevention efforts to cause difficulties. This paper reviews recent Hepatitis B virus intrauterine infection and the control mechanism of intrauterine infection in a preliminary study. To clarify the mechanism of intrauterine infection and to take appropriate preventive measures to control the spread of hepatitis B virus has a very important significance.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide public health problem. It is estimated that worldwide there are about 215 million carriers of HBsAg, of which Asia and the Western Pacific region, the distribution of 168 million, China has almost 120 million people, accounting for about 10% of the population. In the HBV-prone areas, mother to child transmission is the major route of HBV infection, but also chronic carriers of hepatitis B among the crowd formed a large number of important reasons.
Mother to child transmission of HBV is considered three ways: ① prenatal intrauterine infection; ② dissemination of birth; ③ postnatal horizontal transmission. For the use of the latter two modes of transmission of hepatitis B vaccine and HBIG has been basically can block [1,2], but the current spread within the uterus of preventive measures to be ineffective. Although some studies have already confirmed the presence of intrauterine infection, but on the infection mechanism of HBV intrauterine infection in the study reported very little at home and abroad, and the view was not unanimous. Therefore, to clarify the mechanism of intrauterine infection, thereby blocking to take effective measures for the control and prevention of hepatitis B is very important significance.
1. HBV intrauterine transmission of the impact of factors and mechanisms
1.1 Virus factors and HBV intrauterine infection
Due to HBV intrauterine infection resulting directly from the mother, for intrauterine infection of the baby, the mother is the source of infection. Thus, reflecting the strength of body transmitted indicators, such as HBsAg status, HBsAg titer, HBVDNA content, etc. is to study the hot issue.
With regard to the relevant factors of HBV intrauterine infection studies have shown that HBV infection in newborns lines and serum HBsAg-positive mothers has increased remarkably. On the one hand, HBsAg presence of representatives of active HBV replication, which is also highly infectious blood, and therefore more vulnerable to infection of the fetus. So that the HBsAg-positive as a risk factor for neonatal infection may be related to HBsAg-positive blood, high levels of infectious HBV strong related; On the other hand, HBsAg may be directly involved in the HBV intrauterine transmission. HBsAg in order to free state and bound state (IgG) receptor through the placenta into the fetal blood circulation. Immature fetal immune system to HBsAg tolerance. T cells to HBsAg immune tolerance may make cytotoxic T-cell function impairment, and the latter for the removal of HBV infected liver cells is necessary. Because humoral immunity required the help of Th cells, and thus humoral immunity have also been affected. Thus, HBsAg into the fetal blood circulation, it may interfere with the immune cells recognize and kill the virus, and even affect the production of specific antibodies, but not removed from the mother's HBV, resulting in fetal chronic carrier state.
HBsAg reflects the strength of indirect indicators of infectious, HBVDNA is a direct indicator of the strength reflected contagious. Maternal blood levels of HBVDNA whether and neonatal infection, Burk et al [3] In an epidemiological survey, conducted a study on this issue and found that HBsAg-positive mothers with HBVDNA serum levels are up, infant the risk of infection has gradually increased. In the HBsAg-negative mothers, high levels of serum HBVDNA babies born to mothers who are at risk of infection better than low levels of serum HBVDNA babies born to mothers (OR = 19.2), so the researchers believe that perinatal exposure to high levels of maternal blood HBVDNA leading to infant infection in the most important factor. Deng Xin-Qing to HBsAg, HBsAg-positive pregnant women for the study of 178 cases of neonatal vaccination testing HBsAg and anti-HBs, and to detect blood mother HBVDNA content, was found with elevated levels of maternal serum HBVDNA, their newborns as carriers continue to The danger was increased, leading to increased opportunities for immunization failure.
Tang, etc. Fortunately, a study, 11 cases of HBsAg-positive pregnant women in eight cases of HBVDNA-positive pregnant women in eight cases of HBVDNA positive (72.7%), 10 patients with anti-HBe-positive pregnant women only 1 case HBVDNA positive (10.0%), and serum Studies testing and molecular hybridization results showed that HBsAg and / or HBVDNA positive pregnant women in labor induction in cases of fetal intrauterine infection rate was significantly higher than anti-HBe positive group. Turn and from two cases of intrauterine infection that HBV infection of the fetus through the placental barrier, or the first infection of placental tissue and in which the copy, and then infect the fetus.
The study shows that high levels of maternal blood HBVDNA infectious cause of strong risk factors for neonatal infections.
1.2 Theory of placental leakage
As early as in 1987, Ohto and Lin examined 32 cases of HBsAg-positive pregnant women and the resulting baby's umbilical cord blood after birth measured at 1 month follow-up infant venous blood in the HBsAg. The results found in 5 cases of intrauterine infection in the baby's mother, 27, only two cases had symptoms of threatened premature labor. The researchers therefore believe that threatened abortion or threatened premature labor, because of the strong uterine muscle contraction can lead to a slight placenta tear maternal blood infiltration of fetal blood, due to HBsAg-positive mother's blood, HBV high concentration, and thus a small amount of mother Blood mixed with intrauterine infection can be caused by the fetus. The researchers further pointed out that the placenta did not occur if the leakage can not be the placenta into the fetus in maternal blood circulation, even in the presence of high titer maternal HBsAg and HBsAg intrauterine infection also does not occur. Door can be such a case-control study, 8 cases of intrauterine infection in infants, 3 infants of mothers with threatened premature labor during pregnancy history, and 224 cases of intrauterine infection in infants has not taken place, only 6 cases the baby's mother had threatened premature labor history, the OR value of 21.8, suggesting threatened premature labor is a risk factor for intrauterine infection, results support the Ohto and Lin point of view.
1.3 placenta and infect the doctrine of
Fetus in intrauterine infection, necessarily involve HBV or HBV-infected cells through the placenta, therefore, the placenta in the role of intrauterine infection is a very important issue. Yan Yongping and other pairs of HBsAg-positive pregnant women during pregnancy, the placenta of different HBsAg, HBcAg presence and distribution were studied. In the 18 cases of HBsAg-positive pregnant women were not the early detection of HBsAg and HBsAg-positive staining was found. In the six cases of second trimester placenta, there is one cases were positive for HBsAg and HBsAg. In the 62 cases of full-term delivery of the placenta, there are 21 cases detected HBsAg, the researchers believe that HBV via the placenta is the main way invasive fetal blood and / or cell transmission methods and realized. Namely, first of all through the villi in maternal HBV clearance and / or infection of decidual cells, and then infected with the adjacent villi, including the villous trophoblast cells and stromal cells, and further invasion of villous fetal capillary endothelial cells, ultimately infect the fetus. On this basis, the researchers then used a case-control method to analyze the risk of transmission of hepatitis B virus intrauterine factors, from the placental barrier in trophoblast cells (TC), villous stromal cells (VSC), and villous capillary endothelial cells (VCEC) of infection caused the intrauterine transmission of the relative risk odds ratio (OR), respectively 9.113,11.68 and 43.50, OR the value of the home side from the placenta to the fetus there is a gradual upward trend surface, indicating placental barrier in TC, VSC, VECE of infection is another risk factor for intrauterine transmission.
Mother to child transmission of HBV is considered three ways: ① prenatal intrauterine infection; ② dissemination of birth; ③ postnatal horizontal transmission.
The truth of intrauterine infection of hepatitis B
Block detail "infected" HBV!
As the existence of modes of transmission of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis B prevention efforts to cause difficulties. This paper reviews recent Hepatitis B virus intrauterine infection and the control mechanism of intrauterine infection in a preliminary study. To clarify the mechanism of intrauterine infection and to take appropriate preventive measures to control the spread of hepatitis B virus has a very important significance.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide public health problem. It is estimated that worldwide there are about 215 million carriers of HBsAg, of which Asia and the Western Pacific region, the distribution of 168 million, China has almost 120 million people, accounting for about 10% of the population. In the HBV-prone areas, mother to child transmission is the major route of HBV infection, but also chronic carriers of hepatitis B among the crowd formed a large number of important reasons.
Mother to child transmission of HBV is considered three ways: ① prenatal intrauterine infection; ② dissemination of birth; ③ postnatal horizontal transmission. For the use of the latter two modes of transmission of hepatitis B vaccine and HBIG has been basically can block [1,2], but the current spread within the uterus of preventive measures to be ineffective. Although some studies have already confirmed the presence of intrauterine infection, but on the infection mechanism of HBV intrauterine infection in the study reported very little at home and abroad, and the view was not unanimous. Therefore, to clarify the mechanism of intrauterine infection, thereby blocking to take effective measures for the control and prevention of hepatitis B is very important significance.
1. HBV intrauterine transmission of the impact of factors and mechanisms
1.1 Virus factors and HBV intrauterine infection
Due to HBV intrauterine infection resulting directly from the mother, for intrauterine infection of the baby, the mother is the source of infection. Thus, reflecting the strength of body transmitted indicators, such as HBsAg status, HBsAg titer, HBVDNA content, etc. is to study the hot issue.
With regard to the relevant factors of HBV intrauterine infection studies have shown that HBV infection in newborns lines and serum HBsAg-positive mothers has increased remarkably. On the one hand, HBsAg presence of representatives of active HBV replication, which is also highly infectious blood, and therefore more vulnerable to infection of the fetus. So that the HBsAg-positive as a risk factor for neonatal infection may be related to HBsAg-positive blood, high levels of infectious HBV strong related; On the other hand, HBsAg may be directly involved in the HBV intrauterine transmission. HBsAg in order to free state and bound state (IgG) receptor through the placenta into the fetal blood circulation. Immature fetal immune system to HBsAg tolerance. T cells to HBsAg immune tolerance may make cytotoxic T-cell function impairment, and the latter for the removal of HBV infected liver cells is necessary. Because humoral immunity required the help of Th cells, and thus humoral immunity have also been affected. Thus, HBsAg into the fetal blood circulation, it may interfere with the immune cells recognize and kill the virus, and even affect the production of specific antibodies, but not removed from the mother's HBV, resulting in fetal chronic carrier state.
HBsAg reflects the strength of indirect indicators of infectious, HBVDNA is a direct indicator of the strength reflected contagious. Maternal blood levels of HBVDNA whether and neonatal infection, Burk et al [3] In an epidemiological survey, conducted a study on this issue and found that HBsAg-positive mothers with HBVDNA serum levels are up, infant the risk of infection has gradually increased. In the HBsAg-negative mothers, high levels of serum HBVDNA babies born to mothers who are at risk of infection better than low levels of serum HBVDNA babies born to mothers (OR = 19.2), so the researchers believe that perinatal exposure to high levels of maternal blood HBVDNA leading to infant infection in the most important factor. Deng Xin-Qing to HBsAg, HBsAg-positive pregnant women for the study of 178 cases of neonatal vaccination testing HBsAg and anti-HBs, and to detect blood mother HBVDNA content, was found with elevated levels of maternal serum HBVDNA, their newborns as carriers continue to The danger was increased, leading to increased opportunities for immunization failure.
Tang, etc. Fortunately, a study, 11 cases of HBsAg-positive pregnant women in eight cases of HBVDNA-positive pregnant women in eight cases of HBVDNA positive (72.7%), 10 patients with anti-HBe-positive pregnant women only 1 case HBVDNA positive (10.0%), and serum Studies testing and molecular hybridization results showed that HBsAg and / or HBVDNA positive pregnant women in labor induction in cases of fetal intrauterine infection rate was significantly higher than anti-HBe positive group. Turn and from two cases of intrauterine infection that HBV infection of the fetus through the placental barrier, or the first infection of placental tissue and in which the copy, and then infect the fetus.
The study shows that high levels of maternal blood HBVDNA infectious cause of strong risk factors for neonatal infections.
1.2 Theory of placental leakage
As early as in 1987, Ohto and Lin examined 32 cases of HBsAg-positive pregnant women and the resulting baby's umbilical cord blood after birth measured at 1 month follow-up infant venous blood in the HBsAg. The results found in 5 cases of intrauterine infection in the baby's mother, 27, only two cases had symptoms of threatened premature labor. The researchers therefore believe that threatened abortion or threatened premature labor, because of the strong uterine muscle contraction can lead to a slight placenta tear maternal blood infiltration of fetal blood, due to HBsAg-positive mother's blood, HBV high concentration, and thus a small amount of mother Blood mixed with intrauterine infection can be caused by the fetus. The researchers further pointed out that the placenta did not occur if the leakage can not be the placenta into the fetus in maternal blood circulation, even in the presence of high titer maternal HBsAg and HBsAg intrauterine infection also does not occur. Door can be such a case-control study, 8 cases of intrauterine infection in infants, 3 infants of mothers with threatened premature labor during pregnancy history, and 224 cases of intrauterine infection in infants has not taken place, only 6 cases the baby's mother had threatened premature labor history, the OR value of 21.8, suggesting threatened premature labor is a risk factor for intrauterine infection, results support the Ohto and Lin point of view.
1.3 placenta and infect the doctrine of
Fetus in intrauterine infection, necessarily involve HBV or HBV-infected cells through the placenta, therefore, the placenta in the role of intrauterine infection is a very important issue. Yan Yongping and other pairs of HBsAg-positive pregnant women during pregnancy, the placenta of different HBsAg, HBcAg presence and distribution were studied. In the 18 cases of HBsAg-positive pregnant women were not the early detection of HBsAg and HBsAg-positive staining was found. In the six cases of second trimester placenta, there is one cases were positive for HBsAg and HBsAg. In the 62 cases of full-term delivery of the placenta, there are 21 cases detected HBsAg, the researchers believe that HBV via the placenta is the main way invasive fetal blood and / or cell transmission methods and realized. Namely, first of all through the villi in maternal HBV clearance and / or infection of decidual cells, and then infected with the adjacent villi, including the villous trophoblast cells and stromal cells, and further invasion of villous fetal capillary endothelial cells, ultimately infect the fetus. On this basis, the researchers then used a case-control method to analyze the risk of transmission of hepatitis B virus intrauterine factors, from the placental barrier in trophoblast cells (TC), villous stromal cells (VSC), and villous capillary endothelial cells (VCEC) of infection caused the intrauterine transmission of the relative risk odds ratio (OR), respectively 9.113,11.68 and 43.50, OR the value of the home side from the placenta to the fetus there is a gradual upward trend surface, indicating placental barrier in TC, VSC, VECE of infection is another risk factor for intrauterine transmission.
Hepatitis B can be sexually active do?
Can a sexual life in patients with hepatitis B
Hepatitis B can be sexually active do?
Hepatitis B "Yuanyang" Life has a degree!
As we all know, married life is one of the ways the spread of hepatitis B virus. Thus, after the men got hepatitis B, acute hepatitis, in addition to prohibiting sex life outside the course of the disease, or can be sex life.
2 in sexual life, how to prevent transmission of
To prevent hepatitis B transmission between spouses, first, the two sides meet in good faith, the sick party should promptly inform the other party to the real situation, so that the other side is also a "two pairs of semi-" and the liver function tests. If the other side "two pairs of half" of any one positive, it is also infected with hepatitis B virus, the other side, so long as to prevent exacerbations on the list. If the other side of the five indicators are negative, indicating its failure suffered from hepatitis B, and hepatitis B virus, there is no resistance. Thus, the need to actively prevented.
The use of condoms is not the length of time the incidence of acute hepatitis can, effectively reduce the risk of becoming infected.
One of the spouses in the infectious period of acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis with acute exacerbation, activity periods should not be sex life.
There are three semen hepatitis B virus?
Husband of hepatitis B transmission through semen to his wife, does the wife of hepatitis B will be transmitted to husband? Found to have hepatitis B must be separated from dining with other people do? Probably how long the treatment can only be good?
Hepatitis B is mainly transmitted through blood (such as blood transfusion, blood products, shared needles, etc.). In addition, saliva, semen, vaginal secretions as well as some viruses, so sexual contact is also the mode of transmission, so wife hepatitis B, will be transmitted to her husband.
If the family members of patients not infected with hepatitis B, and no antibodies, they should go to the hospital promptly vaccinated to produce antibody, can play a very good prevention.
4 of condoms can withstand hepatitis B virus?
In addition to blood-borne, sexually transmitted hepatitis B transmission is also one of the ways. To use condoms will significantly reduce the chance of hepatitis B infection.
5 in sexual life of the Notes
Data shows that a human life to pay the energy, equivalent to the 100-meter sprint race. Such a great physical exertion, patients with liver disease who need to rest is extremely unfavorable. Chinese medicine, kidney essence, homologous liver and kidney, liver, kidney essence nurtured in order to properly work, by missing the kidney essence is insufficient to support the liver, leading to hepatic blood shortage, so that sicker. Then a sexual life in patients with liver disease should pay attention to what then?
1, acute hepatitis
(1) The period of acute hepatitis, when the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was significantly higher, malaise, jaundice and other symptoms, they should prohibit any sexual activity, including masturbation behavior. In order to avoid over exertion, worse. At the same time, acute hepatitis or chronic hepatitis in active stage, the patient has a contagious liver disease through sexual contact sexual partners will have the opportunity to hepatitis infection.
(2) When reached clinical cure of acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, up to cure the basic standards in a stable condition for more than six months may be sexually active; after the clinical cure of acute hepatitis, no abnormalities were followed up for one year, chronic hepatitis, no abnormalities were observed for 2 years to the task, and can lead a normal sex life.
2, chronic hepatitis
(1), chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver of patients due to the impact of disease in general are relatively indifferent to sexuality, this time should not bite the bullet, but should comply with the wishes natural. When the liver under control, the in vivo metabolism of sex hormones have been adjusted and the restoration of normal sexual function can also be improved correspondingly.
(2) HBsAg carriers may be too moderate sex life, and consciously controlling the frequency of life, but not indulgent, otherwise apt to cause liver disease outbreaks or increased. Frequency of sex life in general 1-2 times per week for young people, middle-aged once every 1-2 weeks, 1-2 times a month in later middle age. However, in view of liver dysfunction, especially transaminase increased instability or jaundice should be stopped.
(3) alcohol and fatty liver disease show no obvious symptoms, half of those in liver discomfort, abdominal distension, anorexia, impotence, irregular menstruation, breast abnormalities such as small number of people with mild abnormal liver function, complete no taboos life, the liver function abnormalities should be temporarily forbidden for some time until recovery of liver function recoverability sex life. Moderate sexual life help to alleviate sexual tension and relaxation to achieve a high degree wholeheartedly, but also contribute to excessive consumption of fat, to reduce the accumulation of fat in the body, but also play a role in weight loss and reduce fat.
Hepatitis belongs to a highly infectious disease, hepatitis B patients with saliva, semen and vaginal discharge may be a long-term carrying the virus. Therefore, in the sexual life, the use of condoms and other protective measures to avoid with a partner kissing, oral sex and menstruation sex life.
6 kissing will be infected with hepatitis B do?
Expert answers: a healthy antibody positive persons, by kissing, sexual contact, infected or carriers of hepatitis B into a probability of how much? You have done a similar statistical study? We all know that saliva and body secretions containing the hepatitis
Hepatitis B patients and their families not to be too close to
nfants and young children - vulnerable to break an object
The main mode of transmission of hepatitis B from mother to child transmission, the mother has hepatitis B, after the birth of their children a great chance Huanyi Gan, China's hepatitis B more than 50% of patients were infected in this way. In addition, blood transfusion, medical devices (acupuncture, injections, denture, etc.) may also be one route of transmission. The main victims of hepatitis B infection in infants and children, vulnerable infants and young children's immune defenses are susceptible to chronic hepatitis B, and the main reason. Hepatitis B virus infection in the younger, the more likely to become chronic hepatitis B, the more difficult to treat. In the bus, hotels, restaurants, hospitals and other places, hepatitis B virus prevalence of hepatitis B infection in quite a few, but because of the adult immune system better, it becomes the hepatitis B or hepatitis B virus carriers in the patient's chances of infants and young children compared to said that much smaller. This is why very few spouses of hepatitis B patients infected with hepatitis B virus, and their children are often the main reason for contracting hepatitis B; is about 70% of China's people are infected with hepatitis B, which eventually became the number of hepatitis B patients or carriers, only about 10% of causes. Every normal person would take only a few dozen dollars, marked with three hepatitis B vaccine, hepatitis B surface antibody produced, they can rest assured that with the hepatitis B "mix."
Hepatitis B patients and their families not to be too close to
Dental sterilization can transmit hepatitis B lax
Marriage, fertility, sex, trouble go hand in hand
1, hepatitis B patients can marry and have children?
The vast majority of hepatitis B patients can be married childbearing. The number of hepatitis B virus infection in
2. Hepatitis B patients can do to a newborn breast-feeding?
The detection of hepatitis B mothers
Milk contains hepatitis B virus, it may be that the milk also can be transmitted hepatitis. If the newborn after birth there is no injection of hepatitis B vaccine, breast milk is likely to become infected newborns ways, this time is best not to breast-feeding; However, the newborn after birth, immediately provide free hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B
Immunoglobulin preventive vaccination, newborn can build a more solid line of defense, acceptance of breastfeeding had no cause illness.
3. Hepatitis B patients are sexually active do?
Sex life is an important part of married life, hepatitis B patients if indiscriminate white on abstinence, it is wrong. But, after all, ailing husband and wife sex life should be controlled, both parties should understand and comply with. Acute hepatitis B, acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B, chronic active hepatitis, active cirrhosis, should be temporary to avoid intercourse. So when the indulgent sexual life, can cause liver disease recurrence or increased. Hepatitis B virus carriers, mild chronic hepatitis B, cirrhosis of the liver in patients with quiescent period can be intercourse, but should be controlled frequency. During periods of volatility in the liver function, serum aminotransferase, bilirubin increased, should stop married life. Hepatitis B patients with sexual life to master the principle of proportionality, the day after its principles in order to bed with no sense of fatigue as a standard. Such as the Housing tired after the second day, lumbar acid, fatigue, loss of appetite, that is indicative of excessive life should be consciously corrected to extend the suspension of spacing or sex life. For the spouses of patients with hepatitis B, protective measures must be put in place must be the spouse of patients with hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B for hepatitis B immune globulin in a double immunization, so as to be sure. Generally speaking, if there is no spouse to carry out such protective measures, you must use condoms and other protective equipment before they can be
Sex life. Because hepatitis B in patients with semen, blood or vaginal secretions may contain hepatitis B virus can be transmitted through sexual activity with each other, infection rates reach 10% -15%.
To protect your loved family members of patients with hepatitis B are at high risk of hepatitis B infection, if the family members found in a hepatitis B patients, it should be their immediate family members, blood relatives who review them. Review the project must be fully quasi -
Indeed, including the hepatitis B virus, five indicators (two pairs of semi-) and liver function series. This is mainly taking into account the elements of hepatitis B family poly groups, to identify a hepatitis B patients may be led to the discovery several hepatitis B patients. For find out who will go to regular hospital into - further diagnosis and counseling; there is no problem for the examination who all played with hepatitis B vaccine for prevention. If a family simultaneously detect two or more members (such as brothers, sisters, father and son, mother and child, etc.) hepatitis B surface antigen positive, hepatitis B can be highly suspicious of the family orientation. Acute phase of infectious hepatitis B patients must pay more attention, it should be a separate life of appliances. The lives of patients with hepatitis B appliances should be regularly disinfected, disinfection methods are: boiling water for 10 minutes or more, can inactivate hepatitis B virus, loss of contagious; 0.5% sodium hypochlorite solution soak 5 minutes, can inactivate hepatitis B virus DNA; peracetic acid, peroxide elimination of ethane on the role of hepatitis B virus is also a precise, fast and efficient. Household disinfectants have finished the current health of the element, excellent safety net, 84 net and so on hepatitis decontamination.
2010年3月18日星期四
Cause of hepatitis B
A hepatitis B patients, 24-year-old, male. The main reason smell any smell (good smell, and unpleasant) on nausea than normal. Detect hepatitis B HBeAg (HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HB (both positive). At that time liver function to normal, about 2 years. Now appetite, mental and so normal, smell the smell is still sick. November 15 last year, check liver function and be able to AST , 43u slightly higher than normal. from the beginning has yet to detect hepatitis B treatment. I ask you:
Analysis of hepatitis B causes
Beware of hepatitis B and flu symptoms be confused with
1, it needs to do B-inspection?
2, can get married?
3, for the woman on how to prevent it? For infants how to prevention (including vaccination)?
4, if the woman is also a hepatitis B patients, whether pregnant?
5, so far the treatment of hepatitis B HBeAg what drug is best? How long? Which parameters were considered effective or cured?
Hope that the answers given by the experts, in which the responsible person and the old and the experts say: Thank you!
A: In China, surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive people, accounting for about 10% of the country's population, or about 120 million people in HBsAg-positive need for active treatment, the patient should be depending on the specific circumstances.
HBsAg-positive description of human infected with hepatitis B virus, but will it cause liver cell injury, it depends on two basic factors, one infected with the virus the size of the number and virulence; second is the body's immune status, that is when the body-free dysfunction or hepatitis B virus in a state of tolerance, this time the body and hepatitis B virus antigen-antibody reaction does not occur, the patient can be expressed without any signs of clinical symptoms, liver function is normal performance, the patient's infectious ability is not strong , that is what we usually refer asymptomatic hepatitis B virus carriers, more common in patients with vertical transmission. Can be mainly in the treatment of liver protection, and regular clinical observation.
More hepatitis B virus infection, because the body has a certain degree of immune function, virus and the immune system, antigen-antibody reaction occurs, subject to a certain degree of liver cell damage, light are only the clinical symptoms, such as the liver discomfort, fatigue, weakness , anorexia, serious cases are repeatedly elevated alanine enzymes, there are E antigen-positive patients, as the virus replication more serious, you can easily transmit the disease to others, even though patients with normal liver function, the patient was "Xiaosan Yang" patients without obvious symptoms. However, liver biopsy, if done, will be found in the liver cell degeneration, edema, bubble, balloon-like lesions and other changes in chronic hepatitis was the performance of such patients should be actively treated to prevent recurrent disease, leading to liver fiber of.
Current drug treatment of hepatitis B patients, no more than solve two problems, first is to enhance immune function and enhance the body's immunity system, so that the opportunity to hepatitis B virus excreted; the second is to strengthen the repair and regeneration of liver cells to avoid the tendency to fibrosis . Now widely used in clinical biological agents are designed to enhance the body's immune function, and many traditional Chinese medicines can be in protecting the liver cells, while increasing the body's immune system.
How do I suffered from hepatitis B?
Hepatitis B Jue Yin of disease, including junior, primary three, small second, abnormal liver function, bilirubin abnormalities, pre-S mutation, pre-C mutation.
1, Jue Yin understanding of
Jue Yin Yin Yang clutch is the key, want to rule out hepatitis B first Jue Yin, Jue-yin and yin is the best, the sick, and this person is bound to yin and yang, jumbled, Jue Yin in the hexagrams of tremor, a yin-yang Habitat II under the disease is Yang Pan-last, Yin Fu in the next, and the heat of the Lower Cambrian of the cards for men, and it is reflected in the pulse, the natural correlation between the thermal pulse string floating, of the Lower Cambrian bound feet, Shen weak pulse. Jue Yin disease has never been understood, because of the five elements of the theoretical model of this place there are problems in the wood, the liver is the germinal point of the whole body system is the so-called body Tai Chi system, singular point, this singularity is reflected in the liver on the right angry at the the left, the liver contains two arterial venous whole, in the singular point, can not use the five elements theory, but only with yin and yang, the reason is very simple to generate its own interpretation of things is not their own, Jue Yin and Yang Yin disease is easily separated, thus lead to cold and heat jumbled, the heat under the cold, the heat is different from the Lower Cambrian lattice Shao Yin Sheng Yang, the former is separated downturn, which is the strength of the balance of forces is different from the former was more serious, the heat of the Lower Cambrian is also different from Shaoyang The Yu heat, yin yang disease patients essentially different.
How do I suffered from hepatitis B?
Hepatitis B infection in adults is not easy
2. Causes
Strength weakness, hepatitis B virus from the blood directly into the Jue Yin, maternal genetic, evil Chih-yang of the body to take advantage of children milk imported from the placenta.
3. Symptoms Analysis - "separation of yin and yang, then the reversal of yin and yang, like men, female breast, Adam's apple is not prominent, and statements do not manly, I was a kid to see a male patient to see a man on the pro-face, talk effeminate, showing that of yin and yang of the out of order , as well as 70% of patients with severe acne because of the heat actions, with Sini Tang Yang can relieve back, but does not address the nature of the separation of yin and yang, so do not take effect. Spider angioma is a result of the heat, mostly in upper limbs, chest Office LIVER blood also, so the blood fever, the medicine can not be used qi. Two co-offensive liver pain is strength Evils, is not available qi of the drug, Wu Mei Wan can, liver multi-port head pain on both sides of throat swelling or by pain, this is Jue Yin's disease, can not be identified as Shaoyang disease, Available Chaihuguizhi dried ginger. Unknown diarrhea, fast, no pain This is the next on the hot-cold, yin and yang, the typical symptoms of separation can not be identified lunar disease.
4. Treatment principles - "
Jue Yin disease is first to eliminate the ice cold (Sini generation), open water, are born in spring, and then sterile tree planting (Wu Mei Wan).
If the carrier (including mother to child transmission), the symptoms was not obvious, first with moxibustion break immune tolerance, re-moxibustion Guan Yuan Zhongwan until the liver pain. If Shao, lunar symptoms, then the first went to Shao lunar symptoms first.
5. Analysis of drug use - "
A large prescription Wu Mei Wan (Yin and Yang separate disease, severe cold on the hot-under), Chaihuguizhi dried ginger (on the hot-Lower Cambrian), Angelica Sini Tang (Han-sheng), Wu Mei Wan with acid is a combination of yin and yang in order to make yin and yang, composite, has nothing to do with the five elements, the composition of drugs to see integrity, do not look local.
Chaihuguizhi dry ginger, Shaoyang Jue Yin Yin on the hot side of the Lower Cambrian medication, for the yin and the transition to the Sanyang medication.
6. Condition restoration of order - "
If Western medicine's view, should be the third year (or the mother and child to carry) -> hbesg disappeared, small 2 - "Virus DNA molecules from high concentration (greater than 10 ^ 8) the gradual loss (less than 1000), and some will be have anti-hbesg appear or primary three - "a variety of symptoms eliminated, five full overcast, completely normal (very difficult, takes a long time)
a. mother and child to carry non-governance, errors, there is no medicine in the eyes of the disease is not treated, the key is to break immune tolerance to use moxibustion
b. viruses easily mutate shit, this is a long-term use vaccination, interferon, and taking Hepu given the results of such medicine, taking medicine is not easy variation.
c. can not be cured of hepatitis B, hepatitis B virus and normal liver cells to form covalently closed chain CcCDNA, nonsense, it is Western medicine in order to shirk responsibility lies fabricated their aim is to make long-term use in patients with lamivudine-like drugs, the drug while temporarily so that DNA can be overcast, but it must be long-term use, once the withdrawal will be the virus outbreak!
d. abnormal liver function (100 ~ 200) is to use western medicine to use anti-virus the best time to fart, abnormal liver function like a fever, is the body attacks the inevitable result of hepatitis B virus, this time anti-virus is not a drug works, but rather the body's natural healing process. High fever is not terrible, low-grade fever of the most touching, so to recover is the most important.
e. transhepatic the body did not hurt, ignorance of the Western ah
f. Xiaoyao pill, gentian vent line of gas-breaking balls, the liver-yang of the drug, pure stifle vitality than the Western medicine is also terrible!
To sum up, a friend as long as the understanding of chronic hepatitis B clear, medication properly, I am sure, will reach 80% of the primary three, DNA yin of the treatment outcomes.
Why is hepatitis B will be repeated attack?
The most fundamental reason is that the virus to replicate in the body, such as acts of sabotage and disruption, and immune function due to defects.
According to long-term clinical observation, the following factors may be repeated incentives:
Why is hepatitis B will be repeated attack?
A result of labor and the fat, about 1 / 5 of patients with chronic hepatitis are often overloaded with exertion and relapse;
A result of eating the hair, lavish meals, eat too much indigestion, and some eating too many hot foods (such as lamb, dog, chicken, etc.) or alcohol to disease recurrence;
Due to drugs, due to make up the hair, this part of the increasing proportion of patients, accounting for about causes of recurrence of 2 / 5, taking the drugs damage the liver, some
A result of taking hormone Ershi hepatitis recurrence, also eat the placenta, ginseng, donkey-hide gelatin and other tonic to repeated illness;
Changes made due to the environment, mission travel, the old patterns of life destroyed Ershi disease was underway;
Due to seasonal changes in hair, four seasons with spring and summer the ratio of volatility is high;
Due to emotional and hair, anger, Yu, nausea, excessive grief can make hepatitis outbreak;
Illness and the hair, hepatitis patients often can be a result of flu, diarrhea and other diseases, so that relapse.
Cirrhosis of the liver susceptible to bacterial invasion
Cirrhosis of the liver is the aforementioned intestinal edema, congestion, mucous degeneration, abnormal distribution and increased permeability of bacterial type strains caused by such factors as quality of changes in the intestinal bacteria leave the gut into the blood circulation of the favorable conditions and opportunities, bacteria can occur hyperlipidemia. On the other hand, cirrhosis of liver structure and function of changes in bacterial filtration function to weaken, as well as the establishment of Extrahepatic Collateral circulation from the intestinal bacterial content of the portal vein blood to bypass the liver into the systemic circulation, thus cirrhosis bacteremia continued trend. Once the body's immune ability to further reduce or further enhanced when the bacteria pathogenic activity when the bacteria in the blood can cause acoustic length of operation of sepsis.
The disease begins abruptly, the condition changes fast. Multi-fever accompanied by chills, fever type irregular, mostly in 390C-40OC. Systemic symptoms, often seen headache, muscle pain, tachypnea, heart rate speeding up the performance, but also often altered mental status, light are drowsiness, hallucinations, severe cases, coma. Its diagnostic criteria are:
1, chills, fever;
2, shock;
3, associated with bacterial peritonitis, or other parts of the bacterial infection;
4, liver disease increased the short term, into the deepening jaundice or hepatic coma occurred;
5, peripheral leukocytes and neutrophils increased, there is the phenomenon of toxic particles and shift to the left;
6, positive bacterial cultures of blood or bone marrow;
The disease begins abruptly, the condition changes fast. Multi-fever accompanied by chills, fever type irregular, mostly in 390C-40OC. Systemic symptoms, often seen headache, muscle pain, tachypnea, heart rate speeding up the performance, but also often altered mental status, light are drowsiness, hallucinations, severe cases, coma. Its diagnostic criteria are:
1, chills, fever;
2, shock;
3, associated with bacterial peritonitis, or other parts of the bacterial infection;
4, liver disease increased the short term, into the deepening jaundice or hepatic coma occurred;
5, peripheral leukocytes and neutrophils increased, there is the phenomenon of toxic particles and shift to the left;
6, positive bacterial cultures of blood or bone marrow;
Why is difficult to clear the hepatitis B virus
If you eat a candy, it will eventually break down in the liver, stored. If you eat a drug, it will be one-third of toxicity in the liver to be released. The liver is the metabolic center of the human body and largest "chemical." It is essential for human life-sustaining activities, the vital organs, but also the basis for our health.
Hepatitis B is hepatitis B, listing the current known A, B, C, D, E, F. G 7 kinds of viral hepatitis "crimes", in addition to the last century, 80 years rampant 1:00 outbreak of hepatitis A, hepatitis B finally its long-lasting endurance, tenacious refractory to capture the lead, so that the public "talk about the liver pale." Around the world currently has about 400 million hepatitis B virus carriers, but in fact, China alone more than 45%, that is, nearly 7 million people have been infected with hepatitis B virus. The vast majority of them rely on their own defense against the power of a successful invasion of the virus, while the immune system problems people have with the various states with a variety of viruses, "Hepatitis B term" contact together. Hepatitis B, has become a hazard to human health of global issues.
Everything from the virus began
Of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a DNA virus, like a snake venom secreted by certain body parts will only work for specific, like hepatitis B virus, only the liver, "has developed a taste," it is addicted to the biological Liver DNA virus family (hepadnavividae) in a family. The members of this family of viruses found in mammals and birds also have found that their structures, gene sequences and replication strategies are very similar, but between them they do not cross each other. In addition to the specific organ specificity, their hosts also have "racial requirements", such as HBV and gorillas are the only susceptibility.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) Schematic diagram of
A complete hepatitis B virus particles, also known as Dane particles, only 42 nm in diameter, about one millionth of an ordinary egg. Shell and the core of hepatitis B virus has two parts, that is apart from the vast majority of viruses have a beautiful "capsid", the hepatitis B virus, but also coupled with a sophisticated "jacket." This case is the so-called "jacket", which thickness 7-8 nm, from the lipid bilayer and protein composition of envelope. Lipid bilayer containing S antigen, pre-S1 and pre-S2 antigen, which together constitute the shell large, medium and small three proteins form, collectively referred to as hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg), which is commonly known as the Australian people's resistance. With regard to the origin of anti-Australia there is still a story that was first serum from the Australian Aboriginal people separated, when the thought of a local ethnic-specific genetic markers, so called "Australia antigen." Later learned that hepatitis B virus surface antigen. The so-called antigen actually cause the body resistance response elements, while the contrast, the body can recognize and resist the elements is the antibody of the antigen.
Dano stripped shell particles, exposing the core of hepatitis B virus particles. Core particle diameter of 28 nm, showing three-dimensional icosahedral symmetry, and its surface is a real virus capsid by the hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) component. Nucleocapsid free state only in the liver cell nuclei observed. Through strong detergent or enzyme treatment methods, but also revealed another major HBV antigens e antigen, its essence is not yet clear, but most people think is the core of the fragment.
Dano is the center of ring particles and there are gaps in the DNA double-stranded, and the dependent DNA polymerase in the above. Hepatitis B virus genome of one of the most striking feature is that it is very small, the DNA molecule contains about 3200 nucleotides of about more than the largest known genome of the virus hundreds of times smaller, and the human genome have compared only the one in a million. And the hepatitis B virus DNA, two chains of different lengths, long-chain integrity, and length of the constant negative chain. Short-chain is a positive chain of variable length, probably long-chain, 50% to 80%. Surface antigen and core antigen are encoded by the DNA from Dane particles.
Under the electron microscope to observe the hepatitis B virus, 3 different patterns: large spherical particles, small spherical particles and tubular particles.
In reality, the electron microscope to observe the hepatitis B virus, 3 different patterns: large spherical particles, small spherical particles and tubular particles. Large spherical particles is Dano particles. A small ball-shaped particles about 22 nm in diameter, is the hepatitis B virus infection in the blood up to see the kind. It consists of the composition of surface antigen and does not contain hepatitis B virus DNA and DNA polymerase. Tube-shaped particles, diameter about 22 nm, length 50 ~ 70 nm. Fact, by the coming together of several small spherical particles formed, but the same with the HBsAg antigenicity. Whether a small ball or a tube-shaped particles are not a complete hepatitis B virus particles, which are infected with hepatitis B virus in liver cells capsular synthesis of excess, free in the body's blood circulation.
DNA competition
Unlike a real organism, the virus does not pass through such means as reproductive growth and division itself, but as we like the casting machine parts, according to some copies of out of the mold. Virus DNA contains a number of procedures to guide the virus genetic material and other components of the proliferation of structural proteins. In addition, the viral DNA, also contains some information so that a single component to factor in the cell with the help of self-assembled into new virus particles.
In medicine, the propagation of the virus is called "Copy" in the replication process, there are two very important factors: one is the catalyst, the other is the template. Did not these two factors, hepatitis B virus can not be copied. Hepatitis B virus replication "catalyst" is the hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase. Without this the role of polymerase, hepatitis B virus replication will stop.
Hepatitis B virus genome (DNA) is a two helix DNA chains surrounded by a ring structure. One of the negative long-chain has been formed a complete ring; the other is a shorter length of chain, was semi-ring. After the infected liver cells, this semi-ring of the DNA chain will appear as a negative chain as a template, in the catalyst ─ ─ The role of hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase be extended eventually to form a complete ring. At this time of the hepatitis B virus genome to form a complete ring of double-stranded DNA. We call this covalently closed circular DNA called DNA (ie cccDNA), it can be seen as the original template of viral replication. After the formation of the template, the virus genome will be one of a cccDNA as a template, the use of liver cell gene in the DNA polymerase enzymes and a "catalyst", a gene has a gene copy to form a minus-strand and plus-strand. Finally re-assembled together to form a new hepatitis B virus DNA particles.
Of hepatitis B virus replication Effect Picture
This cccDNA is the hepatitis B virus replication an important intermediate product, once it is formed in the liver cell nucleus, it has a high degree of stability, persist in the liver cells, not only played just said, "template" role, but Also, as deeply rooted in the soil of the weed is difficult to completely remove the same. Antiviral drugs, no matter what, no matter how much the intracellular DNA were inhibited, and regardless of how long medication, are very difficult to remove this cccDNA. As long as the liver cells, only a few amount of cccDNA, when the withdrawal, the nucleus The cccDNA viral replication and can once again become a "model", to continue replicating hepatitis B virus DNA, which is very difficult to eradicate hepatitis B causes.
In real life, most people are familiar with the "two pairs of semi-Hepatitis B" In fact, detection of hepatitis B virus infection is not pathogenic substances and materials (in other words, not a live hepatitis B virus), so check the "two pairs of semi-Hepatitis B" only reflects whether a person is infected with hepatitis B, but can not directly reveal the depth of hepatitis B virus replication in the human body and disease situation, would be unable to better guide clinical use of drugs and the development of treatment programs. In order to find a correct and reasonable quantitative indicators of the virus, the experts after years of study, found an effective way to ─ ─ hepatitis B virus DNA quantitative test. This test can reflect the living blood of patients with the virus load contribute to understanding of hepatitis B virus in the patient's body around the world. Hepatitis B virus DNA that contain genetic information of the material, which is the basis for replication of hepatitis B virus progeny. Therefore, the understanding of hepatitis B virus DNA in the patient's body rise and fall of a situation, we indirectly ascertained the situation of hepatitis B virus replication.
Small knowledge: two pairs of semi-hepatitis B
By detecting antibodies to hepatitis B virus can easily determine whether the dyed his sense of hepatitis B virus, anti-detection of Australia is an important clinical diagnostic indicators. But the mere detection of an antibody to it has no hair out completely determine the current status of hepatitis B virus, the best solution is to remove and hepatitis B-related antigens and antibodies all detected, that is: hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), e antigen (HBeAg) and core antigen (HBcAg), as well as the corresponding three kinds of antigens induced antibodies, respectively, the surface antibody (anti-HBs), e antibody (anti-HBe) and core antibody (anti-HBc). Due to technical reasons, general laboratory tests can not be the core antigen, so three pairs of antigen-antibody less one, so the hospital is testing HBV-check "HBV 5", commonly known as two pairs and a half.
Commonly called "HBeAg" refers to the hepatitis B surface antigen, e antigen, core antibody positive 3; and "Xiao Sanyang" refers to the surface antigen, e antibody, core antibody positive. The antigen-antibody in clinical practice there are different directions of their meaning: the surface antigen (HBsAg) expressed in vivo existence of hepatitis B virus; surface antibody (anti-HBs) said that whether there is a protective body that can resist viruses; е antigen (HBeAg) indicated that virus replication and infectious; е antibody (anti-HBe) indicated that viral replication is suppressed; and core antibody (anti-HBc) mainly indicate whether infected with hepatitis B virus.
In fact, hepatitis B virus itself does not cause the disease, its liver cell injury is mainly cleared by the body's immune system response caused. Hepatitis B virus infection after the body, invades the liver cells, resulting in liver cell changes in certain structures. To stimulate the body's own liver cells to produce immune response, thus resulting in cell damage would be. In more severe cases of liver damage, the body's immune system and even has not been violated HBV with liver cells to kill, it also shows that self-inflammation immune response in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B has an important significance. With normal immune function, body HBV-infected liver cells a series of immune responses, as has been the gradual elimination of the virus, and gradually recovered. This is what China has more than 45% of people had been infected with hepatitis B virus, but eventually the majority of hepatitis B virus, the human body has no residual causes.
While in the past few million years, gradually in the course of human evolution obtained from the virus, where hundreds of genes, but when a new virus invasion of the body when the normal work of a strong immune system, or can not tolerate the virus DNA to the cell invasion and occupation of the resources will not hesitate to cleansing "invaders."
In the virus is not over yet
Fast variation of viral replication fast, and close to the body's cells and may even be combined with the cell DNA, life-long accompanied by ordinary drugs against the virus is difficult to do no harm to the cells, which are treated virus considerable difficulties faced by . Until now, at home and abroad have not yet effective way to cure hepatitis.
Once their own immune system can not be blocking the invasion of the virus, then the grasp of the laws of the virus, antiviral treatment is still rule-based, from the characteristics of the virus start against the virus entry, and block the replication of the virus and prevent viral protein production, to contain the virus escape channels, and to avoid drug-resistant virus, and so many scientific studies have been started.
Better recognized internationally, the clinical application of the most successful and most widely used is the interferon treatment and nucleoside analogues lamivudine therapy, but these two treatments, there are strict conditions of application, and the medication for a long time completely cured the likelihood is low, there can be only achieved 大三阳 some people turn Xiao Sanyang, DNA negative in such a clear role of the virus within the blood, but also have certain side effects. Lamivudine may lead to virus mutation, so that lamivudine failure. These two drugs, then there may be inadvertent withdrawal intense rebound condition. So, scientists are actively seeking their sister drugs, some have entered Phase III clinical trials. 2004 Nian October 29 to November 2 in Boston meeting of the International Liver Diseases year will be more coverage of the anti-viral treatment of viral hepatitis were reported, a change the past, hepatitis is more boring situation, anti-viral treatment involving wide canopies. As the current anti-HBV drugs have limited efficacy, many scholars believe that the future development direction for the combination therapy, which is the focus of future research.
For the treatment of hepatitis B vaccine, China's Fudan University, Wen Yumei research group led by academician, Chongqing, Zhejiang University, Kai-chen companies as well as three teams have done a lot of work. Now also has entered the clinical validation phase.
In addition to therapeutic work, prevention of fact, for the whole community and individuals, and perhaps more should receive attention, whether on the basis of the establishment of preventive measures in health for the hepatitis B is currently the most effective way. China's universal vaccination against hepatitis B virus preventive vaccine has a very good preventive effect. Healthy people before and after vaccination, the body will produce the vast majority of hepatitis B virus protective antibodies, it will not be infected with HBV. Babies born to hepatitis B virus carriers, as long as the first day of injection of hepatitis B vaccine at birth, later gradually entrenched vaccination can generally prevent hepatitis B virus infection. Therefore, preventive hepatitis B vaccine has become a routine vaccination of newborn babies. China's newly developed out of a hepatitis B associated Miao, through clinical validation, can not only effectively enhance the immune response, has also injected a single branch of hepatitis A vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine the same effect, but also help to reduce the kinds of radio frequency and leakage rates. Previously, only the United States successfully A, hepatitis B vaccine with vaccination use. Its use will be further beneficial to a hepatitis B prevention and control work.
In the past 30 years, the discovery of the hepatitis virus, and research, as well as blood screening and vaccine use, so that scientists will soon be convinced of viral hepatitis under the control of humans, it will never be like the past thousands of years, as pairs of Association of human-induced wei
Hepatitis B is hepatitis B, listing the current known A, B, C, D, E, F. G 7 kinds of viral hepatitis "crimes", in addition to the last century, 80 years rampant 1:00 outbreak of hepatitis A, hepatitis B finally its long-lasting endurance, tenacious refractory to capture the lead, so that the public "talk about the liver pale." Around the world currently has about 400 million hepatitis B virus carriers, but in fact, China alone more than 45%, that is, nearly 7 million people have been infected with hepatitis B virus. The vast majority of them rely on their own defense against the power of a successful invasion of the virus, while the immune system problems people have with the various states with a variety of viruses, "Hepatitis B term" contact together. Hepatitis B, has become a hazard to human health of global issues.
Everything from the virus began
Of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a DNA virus, like a snake venom secreted by certain body parts will only work for specific, like hepatitis B virus, only the liver, "has developed a taste," it is addicted to the biological Liver DNA virus family (hepadnavividae) in a family. The members of this family of viruses found in mammals and birds also have found that their structures, gene sequences and replication strategies are very similar, but between them they do not cross each other. In addition to the specific organ specificity, their hosts also have "racial requirements", such as HBV and gorillas are the only susceptibility.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) Schematic diagram of
A complete hepatitis B virus particles, also known as Dane particles, only 42 nm in diameter, about one millionth of an ordinary egg. Shell and the core of hepatitis B virus has two parts, that is apart from the vast majority of viruses have a beautiful "capsid", the hepatitis B virus, but also coupled with a sophisticated "jacket." This case is the so-called "jacket", which thickness 7-8 nm, from the lipid bilayer and protein composition of envelope. Lipid bilayer containing S antigen, pre-S1 and pre-S2 antigen, which together constitute the shell large, medium and small three proteins form, collectively referred to as hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg), which is commonly known as the Australian people's resistance. With regard to the origin of anti-Australia there is still a story that was first serum from the Australian Aboriginal people separated, when the thought of a local ethnic-specific genetic markers, so called "Australia antigen." Later learned that hepatitis B virus surface antigen. The so-called antigen actually cause the body resistance response elements, while the contrast, the body can recognize and resist the elements is the antibody of the antigen.
Dano stripped shell particles, exposing the core of hepatitis B virus particles. Core particle diameter of 28 nm, showing three-dimensional icosahedral symmetry, and its surface is a real virus capsid by the hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) component. Nucleocapsid free state only in the liver cell nuclei observed. Through strong detergent or enzyme treatment methods, but also revealed another major HBV antigens e antigen, its essence is not yet clear, but most people think is the core of the fragment.
Dano is the center of ring particles and there are gaps in the DNA double-stranded, and the dependent DNA polymerase in the above. Hepatitis B virus genome of one of the most striking feature is that it is very small, the DNA molecule contains about 3200 nucleotides of about more than the largest known genome of the virus hundreds of times smaller, and the human genome have compared only the one in a million. And the hepatitis B virus DNA, two chains of different lengths, long-chain integrity, and length of the constant negative chain. Short-chain is a positive chain of variable length, probably long-chain, 50% to 80%. Surface antigen and core antigen are encoded by the DNA from Dane particles.
Under the electron microscope to observe the hepatitis B virus, 3 different patterns: large spherical particles, small spherical particles and tubular particles.
In reality, the electron microscope to observe the hepatitis B virus, 3 different patterns: large spherical particles, small spherical particles and tubular particles. Large spherical particles is Dano particles. A small ball-shaped particles about 22 nm in diameter, is the hepatitis B virus infection in the blood up to see the kind. It consists of the composition of surface antigen and does not contain hepatitis B virus DNA and DNA polymerase. Tube-shaped particles, diameter about 22 nm, length 50 ~ 70 nm. Fact, by the coming together of several small spherical particles formed, but the same with the HBsAg antigenicity. Whether a small ball or a tube-shaped particles are not a complete hepatitis B virus particles, which are infected with hepatitis B virus in liver cells capsular synthesis of excess, free in the body's blood circulation.
DNA competition
Unlike a real organism, the virus does not pass through such means as reproductive growth and division itself, but as we like the casting machine parts, according to some copies of out of the mold. Virus DNA contains a number of procedures to guide the virus genetic material and other components of the proliferation of structural proteins. In addition, the viral DNA, also contains some information so that a single component to factor in the cell with the help of self-assembled into new virus particles.
In medicine, the propagation of the virus is called "Copy" in the replication process, there are two very important factors: one is the catalyst, the other is the template. Did not these two factors, hepatitis B virus can not be copied. Hepatitis B virus replication "catalyst" is the hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase. Without this the role of polymerase, hepatitis B virus replication will stop.
Hepatitis B virus genome (DNA) is a two helix DNA chains surrounded by a ring structure. One of the negative long-chain has been formed a complete ring; the other is a shorter length of chain, was semi-ring. After the infected liver cells, this semi-ring of the DNA chain will appear as a negative chain as a template, in the catalyst ─ ─ The role of hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase be extended eventually to form a complete ring. At this time of the hepatitis B virus genome to form a complete ring of double-stranded DNA. We call this covalently closed circular DNA called DNA (ie cccDNA), it can be seen as the original template of viral replication. After the formation of the template, the virus genome will be one of a cccDNA as a template, the use of liver cell gene in the DNA polymerase enzymes and a "catalyst", a gene has a gene copy to form a minus-strand and plus-strand. Finally re-assembled together to form a new hepatitis B virus DNA particles.
Of hepatitis B virus replication Effect Picture
This cccDNA is the hepatitis B virus replication an important intermediate product, once it is formed in the liver cell nucleus, it has a high degree of stability, persist in the liver cells, not only played just said, "template" role, but Also, as deeply rooted in the soil of the weed is difficult to completely remove the same. Antiviral drugs, no matter what, no matter how much the intracellular DNA were inhibited, and regardless of how long medication, are very difficult to remove this cccDNA. As long as the liver cells, only a few amount of cccDNA, when the withdrawal, the nucleus The cccDNA viral replication and can once again become a "model", to continue replicating hepatitis B virus DNA, which is very difficult to eradicate hepatitis B causes.
In real life, most people are familiar with the "two pairs of semi-Hepatitis B" In fact, detection of hepatitis B virus infection is not pathogenic substances and materials (in other words, not a live hepatitis B virus), so check the "two pairs of semi-Hepatitis B" only reflects whether a person is infected with hepatitis B, but can not directly reveal the depth of hepatitis B virus replication in the human body and disease situation, would be unable to better guide clinical use of drugs and the development of treatment programs. In order to find a correct and reasonable quantitative indicators of the virus, the experts after years of study, found an effective way to ─ ─ hepatitis B virus DNA quantitative test. This test can reflect the living blood of patients with the virus load contribute to understanding of hepatitis B virus in the patient's body around the world. Hepatitis B virus DNA that contain genetic information of the material, which is the basis for replication of hepatitis B virus progeny. Therefore, the understanding of hepatitis B virus DNA in the patient's body rise and fall of a situation, we indirectly ascertained the situation of hepatitis B virus replication.
Small knowledge: two pairs of semi-hepatitis B
By detecting antibodies to hepatitis B virus can easily determine whether the dyed his sense of hepatitis B virus, anti-detection of Australia is an important clinical diagnostic indicators. But the mere detection of an antibody to it has no hair out completely determine the current status of hepatitis B virus, the best solution is to remove and hepatitis B-related antigens and antibodies all detected, that is: hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), e antigen (HBeAg) and core antigen (HBcAg), as well as the corresponding three kinds of antigens induced antibodies, respectively, the surface antibody (anti-HBs), e antibody (anti-HBe) and core antibody (anti-HBc). Due to technical reasons, general laboratory tests can not be the core antigen, so three pairs of antigen-antibody less one, so the hospital is testing HBV-check "HBV 5", commonly known as two pairs and a half.
Commonly called "HBeAg" refers to the hepatitis B surface antigen, e antigen, core antibody positive 3; and "Xiao Sanyang" refers to the surface antigen, e antibody, core antibody positive. The antigen-antibody in clinical practice there are different directions of their meaning: the surface antigen (HBsAg) expressed in vivo existence of hepatitis B virus; surface antibody (anti-HBs) said that whether there is a protective body that can resist viruses; е antigen (HBeAg) indicated that virus replication and infectious; е antibody (anti-HBe) indicated that viral replication is suppressed; and core antibody (anti-HBc) mainly indicate whether infected with hepatitis B virus.
In fact, hepatitis B virus itself does not cause the disease, its liver cell injury is mainly cleared by the body's immune system response caused. Hepatitis B virus infection after the body, invades the liver cells, resulting in liver cell changes in certain structures. To stimulate the body's own liver cells to produce immune response, thus resulting in cell damage would be. In more severe cases of liver damage, the body's immune system and even has not been violated HBV with liver cells to kill, it also shows that self-inflammation immune response in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B has an important significance. With normal immune function, body HBV-infected liver cells a series of immune responses, as has been the gradual elimination of the virus, and gradually recovered. This is what China has more than 45% of people had been infected with hepatitis B virus, but eventually the majority of hepatitis B virus, the human body has no residual causes.
While in the past few million years, gradually in the course of human evolution obtained from the virus, where hundreds of genes, but when a new virus invasion of the body when the normal work of a strong immune system, or can not tolerate the virus DNA to the cell invasion and occupation of the resources will not hesitate to cleansing "invaders."
In the virus is not over yet
Fast variation of viral replication fast, and close to the body's cells and may even be combined with the cell DNA, life-long accompanied by ordinary drugs against the virus is difficult to do no harm to the cells, which are treated virus considerable difficulties faced by . Until now, at home and abroad have not yet effective way to cure hepatitis.
Once their own immune system can not be blocking the invasion of the virus, then the grasp of the laws of the virus, antiviral treatment is still rule-based, from the characteristics of the virus start against the virus entry, and block the replication of the virus and prevent viral protein production, to contain the virus escape channels, and to avoid drug-resistant virus, and so many scientific studies have been started.
Better recognized internationally, the clinical application of the most successful and most widely used is the interferon treatment and nucleoside analogues lamivudine therapy, but these two treatments, there are strict conditions of application, and the medication for a long time completely cured the likelihood is low, there can be only achieved 大三阳 some people turn Xiao Sanyang, DNA negative in such a clear role of the virus within the blood, but also have certain side effects. Lamivudine may lead to virus mutation, so that lamivudine failure. These two drugs, then there may be inadvertent withdrawal intense rebound condition. So, scientists are actively seeking their sister drugs, some have entered Phase III clinical trials. 2004 Nian October 29 to November 2 in Boston meeting of the International Liver Diseases year will be more coverage of the anti-viral treatment of viral hepatitis were reported, a change the past, hepatitis is more boring situation, anti-viral treatment involving wide canopies. As the current anti-HBV drugs have limited efficacy, many scholars believe that the future development direction for the combination therapy, which is the focus of future research.
For the treatment of hepatitis B vaccine, China's Fudan University, Wen Yumei research group led by academician, Chongqing, Zhejiang University, Kai-chen companies as well as three teams have done a lot of work. Now also has entered the clinical validation phase.
In addition to therapeutic work, prevention of fact, for the whole community and individuals, and perhaps more should receive attention, whether on the basis of the establishment of preventive measures in health for the hepatitis B is currently the most effective way. China's universal vaccination against hepatitis B virus preventive vaccine has a very good preventive effect. Healthy people before and after vaccination, the body will produce the vast majority of hepatitis B virus protective antibodies, it will not be infected with HBV. Babies born to hepatitis B virus carriers, as long as the first day of injection of hepatitis B vaccine at birth, later gradually entrenched vaccination can generally prevent hepatitis B virus infection. Therefore, preventive hepatitis B vaccine has become a routine vaccination of newborn babies. China's newly developed out of a hepatitis B associated Miao, through clinical validation, can not only effectively enhance the immune response, has also injected a single branch of hepatitis A vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine the same effect, but also help to reduce the kinds of radio frequency and leakage rates. Previously, only the United States successfully A, hepatitis B vaccine with vaccination use. Its use will be further beneficial to a hepatitis B prevention and control work.
In the past 30 years, the discovery of the hepatitis virus, and research, as well as blood screening and vaccine use, so that scientists will soon be convinced of viral hepatitis under the control of humans, it will never be like the past thousands of years, as pairs of Association of human-induced wei
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